Blastocystis hominis: Pathogenic potential in human patients and in gnotobiotes

Phillips, Bruce P.; Zierdt, Charles H.

doi:10.1016/0014-4894(76)90039-4

Cited by 89 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Evidence for ulceration or invasion of B. hominis into the tissue could not be found (Garavelli et al 1992;Zuckermann et al 1994). In contrast to these results it was reported by Phillips & Zierdt (1976) that invasion of B. hominis took place under certain conditions in germ-free guinea pigs, and Zierdt (1991) suggested the existence of a diarrhoeagenic toxin present in culture filtrates and in B. hominis cell fractions.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Cytopathic effects of Blastocystis hominis on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and adeno carcinoma HT29 cell cultures

Walderich

Bernauer

Renner

et al. 1998

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryBlastocystis hominis isolates from asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic patients were cultured in vitro, purified from the co-cultivated bacterial flora and tested for cytopathic effects on monolayers of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and Adeno Carcinoma HT29 cells. In the case of the CHO cells, living B. hominis cells and B. hominis cell lysates were able to cause significant cytopathic effects, which were dependent on the concentration of cells employed. Destruction of the cell monolayers was observed to the same extent with patient isolates derived from healthy or symptomatic B. hominis carriers. HT29 cells were less susceptible: B. hominis cells and cell lysates caused only minor effects which were not statistically significant. Culture filtrates of B. hominis exhibited cytopathic potential on CHO and HT29 cells; however, the control which consisted of filtrates from Robinson's cultures in which B. hominis failed to grow showed similar effects, too. Therefore the culture supernatants could not be proven to produce a specific cytopathic effect on CHO and HT29 cells.keywords Blastocystis hominis, patient isolates, pathogenicity, cytopathic effects correspondence Dr. Brigitte Walderich,

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Cytopathic effects of Blastocystis hominis on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and adeno carcinoma HT29 cell cultures

Walderich

Bernauer

Renner

et al. 1998

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…There are no reports of Blastocystis-associated dysentery, and it appears that the parasite is generally noninvasive, as indicated by endoscopy (43,76,329,330) and histology of experimentally infected animals (5,152,187). An interesting case study described Blastocystis trophozoites present in the liver abscess aspirate of a 63-year-old man with a 5-day history of fever and blood-tinged watery diarrhea (102).…”

Section: Infection and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of experimental infection studies involving rats, mice, guinea pigs, and chickens have been described (5, 105, 106, 151, 152, 182, 187, 244, 266, 306). An early study showed that germ-free guinea pigs were susceptible to Blastocystis infections via oral and intracecal inoculations (187). Heavy infections led to diarrhea and gross cecal hyperemia.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis

Podrabsky

Lopez

Fan

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

129

154

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SUMMARY The annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus survives in ephemeral pond habitats by producing drought-tolerant diapausing embryos. These embryos probably experience oxygen deprivation as part of their normal developmental environment. We assessed the anoxia tolerance of A. limnaeus embryos across the duration of embryonic development. Embryos develop a substantial tolerance to anoxia during early development, which peaks during diapause II. This extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained during the first 4 days of post-diapause II development and is then lost. Metabolism during anoxia appears to be supported mainly by production of lactate, with alanine and succinate production contributing to a lesser degree. Anoxic embryos also accumulate large quantities of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), a potential protector of neural function. It appears that the suite of characters associated with normal development and entry into diapause II in this species prepares the embryos for long-term survival in anoxia even while the embryos are exposed to aerobic conditions. This is the first report of such extreme anoxia tolerance in a vertebrate embryo, and introduces a new model for the study of anoxia tolerance in vertebrates.

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“…It reproduces by both binary fission and endosporulation 25,26,27 . Although, this organisms is generally though of as a common nonpathogenic inhabitant of the intestinal tract, it has been incriminated as a cause of enteric disease and diarrhea in man 28,29,30 27 .…”

Section: Intestinal Protozoa In Apprehended New World Nonhuman Primatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protozoários intestinais em primatas não-humanos apreendidos

Filho

Cardozo

Ribeiro

et al. 2006

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to identify intestinal protozoa in fecal samples of illegally commercialized New World nonhuman primates apprehended by governmental authorities and sent to a Wildlife Screening Center in the municipality of Seropédica, State of Rio de Janeiro, under the administration of Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais. Feces from marmosets (crossbreeding among Callithrix jacchus and C. penicillata) and brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca) were collected and submitted to Richtie's formaldehyde-ether sedimentation technique. Smears were made with the sediment and submitted to safranin-methylene blue and Wheatley's modified trichrome stainings. Phenol-auramine staining was used in order to compare positive smears for Cryptosporidium oocysts stained with safranin-methylene blue technique. Three (100%) fecal samples of brown howler monkeys and eight of common marmosets (88.9%) were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Blastocystis hominis-like forms were observed in all samples of brown howler monkeys and in 66.7% (6/9) of marmosets. New World nonhuman primates Callithrix crossbreed species and A. fusca can harbor forms similarly identified as potential zoonotic organisms. The strict contact between monkeys and humans can represent risks for both by mutual transmission of pathogens. It is unknown if monkey species studied in the present work are either infected with these parasites in natural environment or acquire it when submitted to human contact. Stressing is also a factor that deserves attention on animals submitted to capture, apprehension and transport to Wildlife Screening Centers.

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Blastocystis hominis: Pathogenic potential in human patients and in gnotobiotes

Cited by 89 publications

References 7 publications

Cytopathic effects of Blastocystis hominis on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and adeno carcinoma HT29 cell cultures

Cytopathic effects of Blastocystis hominis on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and adeno carcinoma HT29 cell cultures

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis

Protozoários intestinais em primatas não-humanos apreendidos

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