This paper improves the traditional Chinese language and literature classroom teaching method based on augmented reality technology and uses statistical analysis to verify the teaching effect. Through AR technology, we can achieve three-dimensional teaching content in Chinese language and literature classrooms, create an interactive UMU learning platform, and design and build an augmented reality learning environment. Two classes majoring in Chinese language and literature in a university are selected as research objects, and the UMU interactive teaching platform based on augmented reality technology is applied to carry out teaching practice in the experimental class. Scales and questionnaires were designed to test the teaching effect in teaching practice, and the data were analysed using SPSS software, t-tests, F-tests, and other methods. After the teaching practice, the experimental class students’ cognitive level and learning attitudes towards Chinese language and literature were significantly improved compared with the control class, in which the average scores of the three dimensions of learning attitudes in the experimental class increased by 25.48%, 7.90%, and 20.11%, which were significantly higher than the increase of the average scores of the three dimensions in the control class. The recognition, perceived usefulness and satisfaction with the interface presentation of the UMU interactive learning platform of the students in the experimental class are all in the range of 0.9-1.0, which fully illustrates the attractiveness of the augmented display technology in this paper to the students, and strongly argues for its effective and adaptive application in the teaching of Chinese language and literature classroom.