“…Blended-eLearning (online learning complemented with face-to-face activities) could offer an effective and potentially cost-effective option to provide relevant training (George et al, 2014 ; Hew & Cheung, 2014 ; Lewis et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2016 ; Maloney et al, 2012 ; Maloney et al, 2015 ; Marrinan et al, 2015 ; Sandars, 2010 ; Shorbaji et al, 2015 ; Sinclair et al, 2015 ; Walsh et al, 2010 ), even in LMICs, as technological access and user-capability improve (Bahia & Suardi, 2019 ; Dagys et al, 2015 ; Gomez, 2014 ; Kebaetse et al, 2014 ; Marrinan et al, 2015 ; Parent & Cruickshank, 2009 ; Sissine et al, 2014 ; The World Bank, 2020 ). To date, most eLearning research relates to imparting clinical competencies, with few studies on teaching QI or leadership, and most of those limited studies focus on the Institute for Health Care Improvement (IHI) online Open School (Bonnes et al, 2017 ; Mehta & Sharma, 2018 ; Suliman et al, 2018 ). Therefore, much remains unknown about the effectiveness of eLearning in this field (Tudor Car et al, 2018 ), especially in LMICs.…”