“…Positive collaboration, as well as peer teaching and learning, were particularly encouraged through the flipped approach, as were increased enjoyment, participation, and improved studentteacher relationships (Xie and Derakhshan, 2021). Moreover, vocational learners' cognitive skills, including critical thinking (Bhagat et al, 2016;Belovitskay et al, 2021), problem-solving (Park, 2018;Lo et al, 2021), creative thinking (Park, 2018), learning skill (Cheng P. W. et al, 2019;Lai et al, 2020), learning strategies (Lo et al, 2021), and communicative knowledge (Park, 2018;Belovitskay et al, 2021) can be influenced by flipped learning. Earlier studies showed that flipped learning is a present and future learning that needs to be mastered by the teaching staff, therefore it is necessary to develop learning activities related to flipped classrooms.…”