Blending Characteristics of Isooctene, MTBE, and TAME as Gasoline Components

Abstract

Currently, one of the most important problems in Russian refineries is the lack of production of high-octane gasoline that meets current and future environmental requirements. One solution for this problem is blending oxygenates into gasoline, for example, tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Each of these substances has its advantages and disadvantages. Prospects for obtaining other high-octane components alternative to MTBE and TAME may have good prospects. One choice is dimerization of isobutylene to produce di-isobutylene and the product consists mainly of isooctene isomers. Physico-chemical characteristics of isooctene sample as component of motor gasoline in comparison with MTBE and TAME are investigated. The results showed that the introduction of isooctene, which has low volatility, leads to a decrease in Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of base gasoline at the level of TAME. Furthermore, the antiknock properties of isooctene in various gasoline bases are established. The values of the isooctene blend octane numbers calculated in the ranges of 108–150 by the research methods and 92–136 by the motor methods are calculated according to the obtained results, isooctene has high antiknock detonation efficiency at the MTBE level. Finally, the use of isooctene as gasoline additives gives good prospects to refining companies in light of decreasing the overhead, enhancing the grade of product, as well as decreasing large effects on the environment.

A Comprehensive Review of the Properties, Performance, Combustion, and Emissions of the Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Generations of Biodiesel

“…Engine unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions depend on fuel combustion efficiency and combustion process [247,248]. According to a report, there are six mechanisms identified as the main cause of HC emissions from diesel engines [237]: (1) crevices, (2) oil layers, (3) deposits (fuel trapped or retained in the injector hole at the end of the injection process), (4) fuel and mixture (fuel-air mixture so rich or so lean that it cannot be ignited), (5) cylinder wall flame quenching, and (6) leakage of the exhaust valve.…”

Characteristics of Isohexene as a Novel Promising High-Octane Gasoline Booster

“…Blends from isohexene and isooctene at different percentages with isooctane were employed in order to evaluate the influence of isohexene and isooctene (diisobutylene) on the induction period of an automotive gasoline. 16 Furthermore, Figure 7 illustrates the influence of blends from isohexene and isooctene (diisobutylene) at different percentages on induction period. When the concentrations of isooctene (diisobutylene) and isohexene with isooctane were up to 60 and 10 wt %, respectively, the oxidation stability value was above the Russian and European standard regulations of 360 min intended for an automotive gasoline.…”

“…The properties of isooctene are well-known and described in the literature. , Another less well-known isoolefin is the dimerization of propylene, and the product of this is called isohexene. Its properties are poorly described in the literature.…”

The Recent Development in Gasoline Upgrading Additives (Octane Boosters)

“…The dioxolane mixture has potential applications as a sustainable gasoline blending component, diesel oxygenate, and industrial solvent. On the other hand, some interesting blending compositions of isooctene, methyl tributyl ether, and ter-amyl methyl ether (TAME) were evaluated and tested in [21]. The results showed that the introduction of isooctene, which has low volatility, leads to a decrease in Reid vapor pressure (RVP) of base gasoline at the level of (TAME).…”