Blending of poly(lactic acid) and starches containing varying amylose content

Ke, Tianyi; Sun, Susan; Seib, Paul A.

doi:10.1002/app.12617

Cited by 92 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Below this proportion of PLA, a co-continuous morphology was obtained. A similar behavior was also observed in blends of PLA and starch with varied amylose contents [16] and in blends of PLA and chemically modified corn starch [18] . In the sheets with higher proportions of PLA, some spaces between the PLA and TPS phases were evident, showing the interface between the polymers.…”

Section: Morphological Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Furthermore, at high starch contents, water could easily saturate the surface of the blend, penetrate into these voids and be quickly absorbed by the starch, resulting in higher water permeation [16] .…”

Section: Water Vapor Permeability (Wvp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that the mechanical and barrier properties of polymer blends are strongly related to their morphology. The relationship of the mechanical and water vapor barrier properties to the morphology of PLA and starch blends has been studied by other authors [16][17][18] . Blends of TPS and PLA can result in a wide variety of morphologies from a dispersed starch/PLA matrix, a co-continuous starch/PLA structure, to inverted phase morphologies, in which the starch is the continuous phase [19] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch sheets: effect of adipate esters on the morphological, mechanical and barrier properties

et al. 2016

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SbstractBlends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) plasticized with adipate esters (diisodecyl adipate and diethyl adipate) having different molecular weight were used to produce sheets. The calendering-extrusion process at a pilot scale was used, and the mechanical, barrier, and morphological characterization of the obtained materials were performed. The increase in the TPS content affected the mechanical properties of the sheets by increasing the elongation and decreasing the rigidity. TPS conferred a more hydrophilic character to the sheets, as observed from the water vapor permeability results. The sheets plasticized with diisodecyl adipate (DIA), having a higher molecular weight, had better mechanical and barrier properties than diethyl adipate (DEA) plasticized sheets, indicating that DIA was more effective as plasticizer. Micrographs obtained by confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed different morphologies when different proportions of PLA and TPS were used (dispersed or co-continuous structures), which were strongly associated with the mechanical and barrier properties.

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Section: Morphological Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Water Vapor Permeability (Wvp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch sheets: effect of adipate esters on the morphological, mechanical and barrier properties

et al. 2016

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“…On the other hand, amylose content in starch may affect the properties of the prepared composites. Ke et al [75] studied the effect of amylose content in starches on the mechanical properties. Four dry corn starches with different amylose content were blended with poly lactic acid at various starch/poly lactic acid ratios and characterized for morphology, mechanical properties and water absorption.…”

Section: Starchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology and its applications in lignocellulosic composites, a mini review

Kamel¹

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

240

109

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Abstract. Nanotechnology has applications across most economic sectors and allows the development of new enabling science. The ability to see materials down to nanoscale dimensions and to control how materials are constructed at the nanoscale is providing the opportunity to develop new materials and products in previously unimagined ways. This review covers the academic and industrial aspects of the preparation, characterization, material properties, crystallization behavior; melt rheology, and processing of polymer/cellulose or cellulose/cellulose nanocomposites. Cellulosic materials have a great potential as nanomaterials because they are abundant, renewable, have a nanofibrillar structure, can be made multifunctional, and self-assemble into well-defined architectures. The fibrillation of pulp fiber to obtain nano-orderunit web-like network structure, called microfibrillated cellulose, is obtained through a mechanical treatment of pulp fibers, consisting of refining and high pressure homogenizing processes. Also, nano-whisker can be used as novel reinforcement in nanocomposites; it can be obtained by acid hydrolysis from various sources such as wood, tunicin, ramie, cotton, wheat straw, bacterial cellulose, and sugar beet. The properties of nanocomposite materials depend not only on the properties of their individual parents, but also on their morphology and interfacial characteristics. Compared with plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose has found many applications in the biomedical field as tissue engineering materials due to their good biocompatibility, mechanical properties similar to those of hard and soft tissue and easy fabrication into a variety of shapes with adjustable interconnected porosity. One of the drawbacks of cellulose whiskers with polar surfaces is poor dispersibility/compatibility with nonpolar solvents or resins. Thus, their incorporation as reinforcing materials for nanocomposites has so far been largely limited to aqueous or polar systems. To overcome this problem and broaden the type of possible polymer matrices, efforts of surface modification have been made. These attempts include surfactant coating or graft copolymerization.

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“…However, the water content caused an increase in the equilibrium moisture of the blend samples. 7 Ke et al 8 evaluated the effect of the amylose content in PLA/starch blends containing more than 60% of starch and reported decreased tensile strength and elongation at break of the films, and increased moisture content in the blend, which was associated with the strong hydrophilicity of starch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of thermoplastic starch/poly(lactic acid) blends obtained by extrusion and thermopressing

Müller¹,

Pires²,

Yamashita³

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Blendas de poli(ácido láctico)(PLA) e amido termoplástico (TPS) foram preparadas por extrusão e moldagem por compressão utilizando 0,1, 0,2 e 0,3 g de PLA per g de TPS. O TPS foi obtido por extrusão utilizando 0,25 e 0,30 g de glicerol por g de amido. Foram avaliadas as propriedades mecânicas e de barreira ao vapor de água, e determinadas as isotermas de sorção de umidade. A morfologia dos materiais foi avaliada através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e as propriedades térmicas dos polímeros puros e das blendas, através de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC). A microscopia e os resultados de DSC indicaram a imiscibilidade da blenda e a presença de duas fases. Nas blendas contendo 20% e 30% de PLA observou-se um aumento da tensão de ruptura e do módulo elástico. A blenda contendo 30% de PLA apresentou uma redução da permeabilidade ao vapor de água, comportamento associado à redução do coeficiente de difusão observada nesta amostra.Blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) were prepared by extrusion and thermopressing, with proportions of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g of PLA per g TPS. Thermoplastic starch was obtained from the extrusion of 0.30 g or 0.25 g of glycerol per g of starch. The mechanical properties and water vapor permeability were tested and water sorption isotherms were obtained. The morphological characteristics of the samples were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the thermal properties of the pure polymers and the blends by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The SEM and DSC results indicated the immiscibility of the TPS/ PLA blends and the presence of two phases. For blends with 20% and 30% of PLA increases in the tensile strength and modulus were observed. The lowest water vapor permeability was observed for the blend with 30% of PLA, which is related to the lowest diffusion coefficient value observed for this sample.

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Blending of poly(lactic acid) and starches containing varying amylose content

Cited by 92 publications

References 27 publications

Poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch sheets: effect of adipate esters on the morphological, mechanical and barrier properties

Poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic starch sheets: effect of adipate esters on the morphological, mechanical and barrier properties

Nanotechnology and its applications in lignocellulosic composites, a mini review

Characterization of thermoplastic starch/poly(lactic acid) blends obtained by extrusion and thermopressing

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