Blends of polyamide 12 and maleic anhydride grafted paraffin wax as potential phase change materials

Luyt, A. S.; Krupa, Igor; Assumption, Heidi; Ahmad, Essa Esmail Mohammad; Mofokeng, J.P.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.09.010

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The introduction of phase change material (PCM) in polymer matrix is one possible approach to minimize the negative effects of unwanted temperature changes [6,10]. PCMs are temperature-responsive substances that store and release significant latent heat energy during temperature-driven phase changes [6,9,[11][12][13]. Among PCMs, paraffin wax (PW) has attracted great attention for its high latent heat, congruent melting/freezing temperature, minimal supercooling, nontoxicity, and availability [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCMs are temperature-responsive substances that store and release significant latent heat energy during temperature-driven phase changes [6,9,[11][12][13]. Among PCMs, paraffin wax (PW) has attracted great attention for its high latent heat, congruent melting/freezing temperature, minimal supercooling, nontoxicity, and availability [11][12][13][14]. However, the direct utilization of PW for heat storage is limited due to its low thermal conductivity and leakage during the solid-liquid phase change process [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the direct utilization of PW for heat storage is limited due to its low thermal conductivity and leakage during the solid-liquid phase change process [13]. To ensure the stable and longterm thermal performance of PW in various applications, it is typically used in bulk form, such as steel and plastic containers [11], the encapsulation of PCM in shell materials [12,13], and polymer/PCM composites [11,12,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previous studies have focused on the thermal storage and mechanical properties of blend films. In this study we use lowdensity polyethylene (LDPE), a cheap and commodity polymer, as a supporting material for the successful utilization of shape-stabilized PCM [11,12,14]. The LDPE/PW composite films were prepared using a twin-screw extruder to investigate the role of PW in a LDPE matrix for use as a functional packaging material with temperature-dependent gas permeability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the paraffin wax (PW) content on the thermal and permeation properties of the LDPE/PW composite films

et al. 2015

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A series of low density polyethylene/paraffin wax (LDPE/PW) composite films were fabricated via a twin-screw extruder, and their morphologies, thermal properties, gas and vapor permeations, and surface properties were interpreted as functions of the PW contents. The PW was well dispersed into the LDPE matrix at low PW contents, whereas phase separation and an increase in surface roughness occurred with increasing PW content. The parameter results of surface properties such as contact angle, surface free energy, and solubility showed that the hydrophobicity of the LDPE/PW composite films also increased, and their phase changes and permeation properties were significantly dependent on the PW contents in the LDPE matrix. With increasing PW contents, both the oxygen transmittance rate (OTR) and water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR) of the LDPE/PW composite films decreased at a relatively low measuring temperature (23°C), and increased at a relatively high temperature (48°C). These results relate to the morphological structure (including tortuous paths and crystallinity) of the composite films via the incorporation of PW.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the paraffin wax (PW) content on the thermal and permeation properties of the LDPE/PW composite films

et al. 2015

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“…DSC indicated that the amount of nano-SiO2 in the fibers had an influence on the crystallization of LA and played a significant role on the heat enthalpies of the material. The morphology and thermal and thermomechanical properties of polyamide (PA) 12/maleic anhydride-grafted wax blends and the possible interactions between PA12 and the functionalized wax were studied by Luyt et al [97]. Results showed that it was practically impossible to prepare homogeneous blends containing more than 30 wt.% of wax, and a low heat of phase transition was observed.…”

Section: Other Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Phase Change Material Implementations for Thermal Energy Storage

Karkri

Lefèbvre

Royon

2015

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

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This paper presents the principal methods available for phase change material (PCM) implementation in different storage applications. The first part is devoted to a non-exhaustive overview of the various chemical processes used to develop stable PCM (such as microencapsulation, emulsion polymerization or suspension polycondensation, polyaddition, etc.) based on the available literature. The second part deals with shape-stabilized PCM, developed from an intimate combination of a polymer matrix and a phase change element. Materials able to include more thermal energy as usual ones are interesting as they increase the thermal inertia of the system that presents by this way advantages. The energy efficiency of buildings may be improved including PCMs that store and provide enthalpy from one hand and without any significant temperature modification during the phase change process on the other hand. If the solid phase of the PCM does not present any problem, it is not the same for the liquid phase which must be maintained mechanically at its assigned location. Furthermore, the PCM in the solid (and furthermore in the liquid phase) does not have mechanical properties which allow to use it as a structural material able to support charge loads. This paper presents different methods to distribute and maintain the PCM in the thermal solid matrix.

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Thermotropic glazings for overheating protection. II. morphology and structure–property relationships

Weber¹,

Schmid

Resch

2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article completes a systematic strategy for formulation and optimization of thermotropic systems with fixed domains (TSFDs) for overheating protection purposes. Focus was on characterization of morphology and on revealing optimization potential. A comprehensive characterization of scattering domain size and shape was done applying optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In general, scattering domains exhibited inappropriate size and/or shape for optimum overheating protection performance. Moreover, several TSFD displayed defects (vacuoles, voids) resulting from thermomechanical or physicochemical interaction of matrix material and thermotropic additive during manufacturing. Morphological features along with solar optical and thermorefractive properties allowed for establishment of structure-property relationships. Light-shielding efficiency of TSFD correlated well with scattering domain size and shape. The majority of TSFD showing defects exhibited an increase of solar hemispheric transmittance upon heating. Several strategies to overcome defect formation and to improve scattering morphology were suggested and proof of concept was shown partially, thus indicating a significant optimization potential of the established TSFD. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39910.

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Blends of polyamide 12 and maleic anhydride grafted paraffin wax as potential phase change materials

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of the paraffin wax (PW) content on the thermal and permeation properties of the LDPE/PW composite films

Effects of the paraffin wax (PW) content on the thermal and permeation properties of the LDPE/PW composite films

Different Phase Change Material Implementations for Thermal Energy Storage

Thermotropic glazings for overheating protection. II. morphology and structure–property relationships

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