Blends of polyamide 6 with bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. II. Morphology–mechanical properties relationships

Gattiglia, E.; Turturro, Antonio; Pedemonte, Enrico; Dondero, Giovanni

doi:10.1002/app.1990.070410705

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This particle size is similar to that of PC/PA6 blends (1-2.5 lm) obtained either after a two-step molding procedure 8,18 or long (15 min) mixing times. 4,18 As can also be seen, most of the dispersed particles in the 50/50 blend contained inclusions of an obvious matrix nature. The fine particle size and the presence of inclusions indicate (i) that the direct injection molding procedure used was effective enough to properly mix the blends and (ii) that there was low interfacial tension between the components of the blend.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Unfortunately, previous attempts to blend PC and polyamides (PA) have been mostly unsatisfactory due to incompatibility, which has been observed in PC/polyamide 6 (PA6) blends 3,4 as well as in PC/ amorphous polyamide (3Me6T), 5,6 PC/polyamide 12 (PA12), and PC/polyamide 6-co-12 blends. 7 Compatibility can be ameliorated by the addition of a third component or modification of a component of the blend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compatible polycarbonate/polyamide 6,6 blends with fibrillar morphology

Granado¹,

Eguiazábal²,

Nazábal³

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6) were prepared directly during the plasticization step of an injection molding process in an attempt to attain both (i) the reinforcement of the blends through fibrillar morphology, and (ii) an adequate compatibilization despite the short processing procedure used. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic-mechanical analysis indicated that the blends were made up of a PC-rich phase where some PA6,6 was present and, ruling out a possible degradation, of an almost pure PA6,6-phase. The cryogenically fractured surfaces observed by scanning electron microscopy showed both rather fine particles and larger particles with occluded subparticles. This complex morphology indicates low interphase tension and, therefore, compatibilization, which can be attributed to the presence of PA6,6 in the two phases of the blends. The values of Young's modulus, determined by means of tensile tests, were always synergistic and, in the case of the 25/75 blend, the modulus was even higher than those of any of the two pure components. It appears this could be due to both the highly fibrillar morphology of the dispersed phase, and the significant decrease observed in specific volume. The blends remained ductile throughout the full composition range, which also indicates compatibilization.

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatible polycarbonate/polyamide 6,6 blends with fibrillar morphology

Granado¹,

Eguiazábal²,

Nazábal³

2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…If the blend 901 10 is prepared with a single-screw extruder, the PC phase is dispersed as rodlike domains, whose diameters range from 0.2 to 0.6 pm. 4 We underline that, as shown in previous w~r k s ,~'~ the phase inversion occurs when the PA6 content goes down to about 60% by weight: PA6 is the matrix in the 90/10 and 75/25 blends [ Fig. 3 ( a ) , ( b ) ] , but constitutes the dispersed phase in 50/50 blend [ Fig.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Blends of polyamide 6 and bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. Effects of interchange reactions on morphology and mechanical properties

Gattiglia

Turturro

Lamantia

et al. 1992

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SYNOPSISBlends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polycarbonate ( PC) were prepared in a Brabender mixer, at 240°C, applying long mixing time, for 45 min. It was observed that the morphology and the mechanical properties tend to resemble those of a homogeneous material as the mixing time and PA6 concentration increase. This is attributed to chemical reactions taking place between the two homopolymers. Acidolysis, amidolysis, and aminolysis, catalyzed by the terminals and the amide groups of the polyamide, should in principle be possible. Our results indicate that the aminolysis is the main process, inducing simultaneously scission of PC chains and formation of PC-PA6 copolymer chains. The latter act as interfacial agents between incompatible PA6 and PC, improving the mechanical properties of PA6-rich blends, in agreement with the predictions of some theoretical models assuming good phase interpenetration.

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“…The PC and aPA phases could be easily distinguished from the surface characteristics: the aPA fracture surface is very smooth compared to PC that breaks into a rough surface. Normally, the reactive compatibilization could be negligible after a short period mixing process [3,10] . In our studies, the adhesion between two phases was too poor to protect the interface from detaching before annealing process proceeded, which indicated chemical reactions are generally negligible during the melt blending procedure.…”

Section: Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of hyperbranched polyethylenimine on the reactive compatibilization of polycarbonate/polyamide blends

2015

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The influences of hyperbranched polyethylenimine (hPEI), which possesses many reactive amino end-groups, on the blending properties of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) and amorphous polyamide (aPA) were systematically investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to observe the effect of hPEI on morphologies of PC and aPA phases in bulk blends. While the interfacial fracture toughness between planar PC and aPA layers with and without hPEI was studied by using augmented double cantilever beam (ADCB) method. Results show that the compatibility in PC/aPA blends can be significantly improved by adding a small amount of hPEI, mainly due to the interchange reactions between the polymers leading to the formation of block copolymers, cross-linked polymers and molecules with other constitutions. The augmented double cantilever beam experiments showed that the reactive process drastically reinforced the interfacial adhesion between planar layers of PC and aPA. However, degradation takes place during annealing at 180 C, which was responsible for the production of small molar mass species of PC.

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Blends of polyamide 6 with bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. II. Morphology–mechanical properties relationships

Cited by 40 publications

References 20 publications

Compatible polycarbonate/polyamide 6,6 blends with fibrillar morphology

Compatible polycarbonate/polyamide 6,6 blends with fibrillar morphology

Blends of polyamide 6 and bisphenol‐A polycarbonate. Effects of interchange reactions on morphology and mechanical properties

Influences of hyperbranched polyethylenimine on the reactive compatibilization of polycarbonate/polyamide blends

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