Blind, controlled, long-term study of the comparative incidence of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine or haloperidol

Tollefson, Gary D.; Beasley, Charles M.; Tamura, Roy; Trân, Pierre V.; Potvin, Janet H.

doi:10.1176/ajp.154.9.1248

Cited by 241 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While lines of evidence suggest a diminished liability to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) of SGAs compared to conventional antipsychotics (Tollefson et al, 1997; Haro et al, 2003a; Haro et al, 2003b; Correll et al, 2004; Dossenbach et al, 2004; Tenback et al, 2005), it should be emphasized that the former agents still continue to carry a risk for tardive dyskinesia (TD) (Kapur et al, 1995; Woods et al, 2010). Findings arising from conventional antipsychotics indicated a prevalence of approximately 20-25% in the face of long-term treatment with these antipsychotics (Blanchet, 2003), with identified clinical risk factors including older age, female gender, and the duration of antipsychotic treatment (Kapur et al, 1995; Egan et al, 1997; Miller et al, 2005; Remington, 2007; Soares-Weiser and Fernandez, 2007; Tenback et al, 2009; Tenback and van Harten, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tardive dyskinesia in relation to estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia: Analysis of the CATIE data

Yoshida

Bies

Suzuki

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD) and estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels in patients with schizophrenia, using the dataset from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials in Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE). Methods The dataset from 218 subjects (risperidone, N=78; olanzapine, N=100; ziprasidone, N=40) who presented with a score of zero on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) at baseline in Phase 1 of the CATIE study, and remained for ≥6 months, was used. Peak and trough dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels on the day of the AIMS assessment at the endpoint were estimated from plasma antipsychotic concentrations, using population pharmacokinetic analysis and our D2 prediction model. The estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels were compared between patients who presented an AIMS score of ≥2 at endpoint and those with a score of zero, using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results Estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy levels at trough were significantly higher in subjects who developed involuntary movements (N=23) than those who did not (N=195) (71.7±14.4% vs. 64.3±19.3%, p<0.05) while no significant difference was found in the estimated peak D2 receptor occupancy between them (75.4±8.7% vs. 72.1±9.9%, p=0.07). When the analyses were separately conducted for the three drugs, there were no significant differences in estimated peak or trough D2 occupancy although the values were consistently numerically higher among those developing involuntary movements. Conclusion Greater dopamine D2 receptor blockade with antipsychotics at trough might increase the risk of tardive involuntary movements although this finding needs to be replicated in larger trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tardive dyskinesia in relation to estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia: Analysis of the CATIE data

Yoshida

Bies

Suzuki

et al. 2014

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Typical antipsychotics can increase the metabolism of monoamines, thus leading to more ROS being produced [ 121 ], whereas atypical antipsychotics seem to demonstrate anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects [ 122 ]. Interestingly, first generation antipsychotics seem to be more frequently associated with side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms, deemed to be associated with oxidative stress [ 123 , 124 ]. Furthermore, it was found that patients with the high risk GCLC polymorphism were more likely to respond to treatment with clozapine, which suggests that this antipsychotic drug might act on redox pathways [ 91 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Emergence of Psychosis

2022

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Treatment and prevention strategies for schizophrenia require knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the psychotic transition. Increasing evidence suggests a redox imbalance in schizophrenia patients. This narrative review presents an overview of the scientific literature regarding blood oxidative stress markers’ evolution in the early stages of psychosis and chronic patients. Studies investigating peripheral levels of oxidative stress in schizophrenia patients, first episode of psychosis or UHR individuals were considered. A total of 76 peer-reviewed articles published from 1991 to 2022 on PubMed and EMBASE were included. Schizophrenia patients present with increased levels of oxidative damage to lipids in the blood, and decreased levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants. Genetic studies provide evidence for altered antioxidant functions in patients. Antioxidant blood levels are decreased before psychosis onset and blood levels of oxidative stress correlate with symptoms severity in patients. Finally, adjunct treatment of antipsychotics with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine appears to be effective in schizophrenia patients. Further studies are required to assess its efficacy as a prevention strategy. Redox imbalance might contribute to the pathophysiology of emerging psychosis and could serve as a therapeutic target for preventive or adjunctive therapies, as well as biomarkers of disease progression.

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“… 53 Higher medication adherence with taking atypical antipsychotics might be due to less side effects like extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. 57 58 59 60 61 62 However, some reports did not show the difference in drug compliance between typical and atypical antipsychotics. 63 64 Olfson et al 63 proposed that the risk factors lowering drug compliance of discharged patients with schizophrenia, including past history of drug non-compliance, recent drug use, status that patients could not recognize their symptoms, weak relationship with staffs during the hospitalization, and the refusal of family members to intervene the patients' hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outpatient Follow-Up Visit after Hospital Discharge Lowers Risk of Rehospitalization in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Lee

Kim

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectiveNon-adherence to medication is a recognized problem in psychiatric patients and may be one of the most challenging aspects of treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Failure of follow-up care after discharge greatly increases non-adherence to prescribed medications, relapse and rehospitalization. However, it is still unknown whether and how much outpatient follow-up visits can mitigate the risk of rehospitalization. Therefore we sought to investigate the continuity and effectiveness of outpatient care after inpatient discharge and its effect on rehospitalization of patients with schizophrenia.MethodsData were extracted from National Health Insurance Claim Database covering the period from 2007 through 2010. We identified 10,246 patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted in psychiatric facilities with the diagnosis of schizophrenia between January 1 and December 31 in 2007. The number of outpatient visits within 60 days after discharge from index admission was defined as the indicator for the continuous care and rehospitalization was inspected during the following 36-month period. Cox's proportional hazard model was used to examine the factors affecting the risk of rehospitalization including the number of outpatient visits, age, sex, comorbidities, antipsychotics, and characteristics of medical institution.ResultsWe found that 12.7% (n=1,327) of the patients visited psychiatric outpatient department once within 60 days after hospital discharge, 34.8% (n=3,626) twice, and 27.8% (n=2,900) more than three times. Patients taking atypical antipsychotics showed higher proportion in 2 or more outpatient visits, whereas patients taking typical antipsychotics showed higher proportion in one or no outpatient visits. Cox hazard ratios of rehospitalization for the factor of 3 or more outpatient visits referenced to that of no follow-up visit were 0.567 (0.428-0.750, 95% confidence interval) within 90 days, 0.673 (0.574-0.789) within 180 days, 0.800 (0.713-0.898) within a year, 0.906 (0.824-0.997) within 2 years, and 0.993 (0.910-1.084) within 3 years.ConclusionAlthough continuous outpatient treatment is important for relapse prevention, patients with schizophrenia showed a low rate of outpatient visit as 62.6% of total patients in 2 or more visits within 60 days after discharge. Lack of follow-up treatment might lead to increase psychotic symptoms and raised risk of relapse and rehospitalization. Our data suggest that the number of outpatient visits within 60 days after discharge in patients with schizophrenia is an important indicator of rehospitalization within a year. Therefore, further efforts to examine factors affecting failure of outpatient follow-up after discharge are warranted.

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Blind, controlled, long-term study of the comparative incidence of treatment-emergent tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine or haloperidol

Cited by 241 publications

References 33 publications

Tardive dyskinesia in relation to estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia: Analysis of the CATIE data

Tardive dyskinesia in relation to estimated dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia: Analysis of the CATIE data

Oxidative Stress and Emergence of Psychosis

Outpatient Follow-Up Visit after Hospital Discharge Lowers Risk of Rehospitalization in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

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