Blindness and vision impairment in a rural south Indian population: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey

Thulasiraj, R. D.; Nirmalan, Praveen K; Ramakrishnan, Rengappa; Krishnadas, R; Manimekalai, T.K; Baburajan, N.P; Katz, Joanne; Tielsch, James M.; Robin, Alan L.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00565-7

Cited by 185 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similarly, many studies have reported refractive errors as one of the two major causes of the visual impairment. [24][25][26][27][28] However, the results of these studies indicate that visual impairment because of uncorrected refractive errors was considerably high in our study, even higher than Tehran and Zahedan studies. 12,13 Considering the fact that the prevalence of the visual impairment in our study was 0.8% and 2.3%, respectively, 1.5% of the participants could prevent from visual impairment by correcting their PVA.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

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Visual impairment in the 40- to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, Iran

Hashemi

Khabazkhoob

Emamian

et al. 2012

Eye

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of visual impairment by age and gender in Shahroud. Methods Using random cluster sampling, 6311 Shahroud inhabitants who were between 40 and 64 years old were invited for ophthalmological examinations. Visual acuity worse than 0.5 LogMAR (20/60) and 1.3 LogMAR (20/ 400) in the better eye was regarded as low vision and blindness, respectively. The cause of blindness was determined by an ophthalmologist and in a person with more than one cause, the most correctable cause was regarded as the main cause. Results This study was conducted on 5190 participants (response rate: 82.2%). On the basis of presenting visual acuity, the prevalence of low vision and blindness was found to be 1.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4-2.10) and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3-0.7), respectively. Based on corrected vision, these values were 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3-0.7) and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.1-0.4), respectively. Visual impairment increased with age in women (Po0.001). Uncorrected refractive errors (63.9%), cataract (20.2%), and amblyopia (5.9%) were the most common causes of visual impairment based on presenting vision. Based on corrected vision, however, cataract (42.5%), amblyopia (12.5%), and retinitis pigmentosa (7.5%) were the most common causes of visual impairment. Conclusion Although the prevalence of visual impairment in the city of Shahroud was determined to be lower than two previous studies in the country, correction of refractive errors and cataract could minimize the rate of visual impairment in this population as they were shown to comprise 85% of the causes of visual impairment. The elderly women need to receive more attention.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

“…Other studies have reported a higher proportion for cataract. [27][28][29][30][31][32] Overall, based on the presenting vision, about 84% of the cases of visual impairment and 64% of the cases of blindness can be simply prevented by cataract surgery or correcting refractive errors, which is important in terms of public health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual impairment in the 40- to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, Iran

Hashemi

Khabazkhoob

Emamian

et al. 2012

Eye

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“…[6][7][8] In India important causes of blindness are cataract (44-77.5%), uncorrected refractive error (15-16.3%), retinal diseases (5.9-10.9%), glaucoma (7.9-10.2%), and corneal diseases (1.2-7.1%). [9][10][11] Similar were the findings in other less developed countries. [12][13][14][15] In Saudi Arabia common causes of blindness are cataract (45.2%), trachoma and nontrachomatous corneal scar (25.7%), and glaucoma (5.7%).…”

Section: Regional Distribution Of Blindnesssupporting

confidence: 77%

The value of corneal transplantation in reducing blindness

Garg

Krishna

Stratis

et al. 2005

Eye

125

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Purpose To analyse the role of keratoplasty in reducing world blindness due to corneal diseases. Methods Review of published literature. We collected and analysed articles published in the English language literature related to the prevalence and causes of blindness in different parts of the world, causes of corneal blindness, and outcome of corneal transplantation for various corneal diseases. Results A total of 80% of the world's blind live in developing countries. Retinal diseases are the most important causes of blindness (40-54%) in established economy nations while cataract (44-60%) and corneal diseases (8-25%) are the most common causes of blindness in countries with less developed economies. Keratitis during childhood, trauma, and keratitis during adulthood resulting in a vascularized corneal scar and adherent leucoma are the most frequent causes of corneal blindness in developing countries. Corneal diseases are responsible for 20% of childhood blindness. Nearly 80% of all corneal blindness is avoidable. The outcome of keratoplasty for vascularized corneal scar and adherent leucoma is unsatisfactory, necessitating repeat surgery in a high proportion of these cases. Other barriers for keratoplasty in these nations are suboptimal eye banking, lack of trained human resources, and infrastructure. Conclusions Since the developing world carries most of the load of corneal blindness and the major causes of corneal blindness are corneal scar and active keratitis, development of corneal transplantation services need a comprehensive approach encompassing medical standards in eye banking, training of cornea specialists and eye banking personnel and exposure of ophthalmologists to care of corneal transplants for better follow-up care. However, concerted efforts should be made to develop and implement prevention strategies since most corneal blindness is preventable.

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“…The prevalence of blindness at presentation (VA <3/60) in our study was 0.73 % which is lower than the 1981 Nepal Blindness Survey (3.4%) , 1995 Lumbini survey (3%) (Pokharel et al, 1998), 2002 Gandaki Zone study (1.4%) (Sapkota et al, 2006), 2010 Lumbini and Chitwan Zone study (2.3%) (Sherchan et al, 2010, and Rautahat district study (VA <6/60, 17.4 %) (Kandel et al, 2010). This is also lower than in studies conducted in neighbouring countries and the estimate of 3.4% for the South East Asian region (Resnikoff et al, 2004;Dandona et al, 2001;Thulisiraj et al, 2003; p-value 0.008 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 Dunzhu et al, 2003). However, there are several studies in Asia that have also reported a low prevalence of blindness ( Liang et al, 2008;Wong et al, 2008, Zainal et al, 2010, Michon et al, 2002Iwase et al (2006).…”

Section: Thapa Ss Et Al Results Of the Bhaktapur Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 60%

Results of the Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study, Nepal

et al. 2013

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I nt r oduction: The Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study is a population-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal study undertaken in one of the districts of Nepal. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of glaucoma in Bhaktapur district, Nepal. Materials and methods: Thirty clusters were randomly selected and a door-to-door census was conducted to identify citizens 40 years of age and older. Four thousand eight hundred individuals fulfilling the eligibility criteria were referred to the base hospital in Kathmandu for a detailed clinical examination. The diagnosis of glaucoma was based upon criteria described by the International Society for Geographic and Epidemiological Ophthalmology (ISGEO). Results: Complete data was available on 3991 subjects (response rate 83.15 %). The mean IOP was 13.3 mm Hg (97.5 th and 99.5 th percentiles, 18 and 20 mm Hg, respectively) and mean VCDR 0.26 (97.5 th and 99.5 th percentiles, 0.6 and 0.8 mm Hg, respectively). Seventy-five subjects had glaucoma, an age-sex-standardized prevalence of 1.80 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.68 -1.92). The age-and sex-standardized prevalence of POAG was 1.24 % (CI, 1.14 -1.34), PACG 0.39 % (CI, 0.34 -0.45) and secondary glaucoma 0.15 % (CI, 0.07-0.36). The prevalence of glaucoma increased with increase in age and there was no significant difference in gender. Nine eyes were blind and two subjects bilaterally blind from glaucoma. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of glaucoma was 1.9 %. POAG was the most common form of glaucoma. Visual morbidity from PACG, however, was higher. A large majority of the subjects with POAG had not been previously diagnosed and had intraocular pressure within the normal range.

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Blindness and vision impairment in a rural south Indian population: the Aravind Comprehensive Eye Survey

Cited by 185 publications

References 17 publications

Visual impairment in the 40- to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, Iran

Visual impairment in the 40- to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, Iran

The value of corneal transplantation in reducing blindness

Results of the Bhaktapur Glaucoma Study, Nepal

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