Blink Rate, Incomplete Blinks and Computer Vision Syndrome

Portello, Joan K.; Rosenfield, Mark; Chu, Christina A.

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e31828f09a7

Cited by 186 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with a recent investigation, 17 although the difference in incomplete blinks between electronic and hardcopy texts has not been explored in detail in the literature. Nevertheless, it may be argued that the contribution of incomplete blinking may be critical to explain the dry eye symptoms reported by VDT users and not by readers in traditional formats, 8,18,36 although it may be noted that one of our participants exhibited 100% incomplete blinks in both tablet and reading aloud conditions. The specific influence of VDT on incomplete blinks remains unexplained and may not only be attributed to differences in the actual position of the reading source.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Argilés

Cardona

Pérez‐Cabré

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

116

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PURPOSE. To evaluate spontaneous eye blink rate (SEBR) and percentage of incomplete blinks in different hard-copy and visual display terminal (VDT) reading conditions, compared with baseline conditions. METHODS.A sample of 50 participants (29 females, age range, 18-74 years) were recruited for this study. All participants had good ocular health and reported no symptoms of dry eye (OSDI score < 15). Face video recordings were captured while participants observed in silence a landscape picture at 2 m (baseline) and during six different, 6-minute controlled reading experimental conditions. Texts were presented in electronic (tablet and computer display at 100% and 330% zoom levels) and hard-copy (text in book position in silence and aloud and text pasted on the computer display) formats. Video analysis was subsequently conducted to assess blink parameters.RESULTS. All reading conditions resulted in a decrease in SEBR when compared with baseline conditions (all P < 0.001), with the least negative impact corresponding to reading in a 330% expanded display. The percentage of incomplete blinks was found to increase when reading was conducted on an electronic platform, in contrast to hard-copy text.CONCLUSIONS. The high cognitive demands associated with a reading task led to a reduction in SEBR, irrespective of type of reading platform. However, only electronic reading resulted in an increase in the percentage of incomplete blinks, which may account for the symptoms experienced by VDT users.Keywords: blinking amplitude, saccades, spontaneous eye blink rate, reading task OBJETIVOS. Evaluar la frecuencia espontánea de parpadeo (FEP) y el porcentaje de parpadeos incompletos en diferentes condiciones de lectura, incluyendo texto en papel y en terminales de visualización de datos (TVD), en comparación con condiciones baseline.MÉTODOS. Una muestra de 50 participantes (29 mujeres, edades entre 18 y 74 años) fue reclutada. Todos los participantes tenían buena salud ocular y no presentaban síntomas de ojo seco (OSDI < 15). Se capturaron vídeos mientras los participantes observaban en silencio una imagen situada a 2 metros (baseline), y en seis diferentes condiciones controladas de lectura (durante 6 minutos). Los textos se presentaron en formato electrónico (tableta, pantalla con un nivel de zoom de 100% y de 330%) y papel (libro en silencio y en voz alta y texto pegado encima de la pantalla). Posteriormente, se analizaron los vídeos para evaluar los parámetros del parpadeo.RESULTADOS. Todas las condiciones de lectura provocaron una disminución de la FEP al compararlas con el baseline (todas las P < 0.001), siendo el impacto menos negativo en el caso de la pantalla expandida a 330%. El porcentaje de parpadeos incompletos aumentó durante la lectura electrónica, en comparación con papel.CONCLUSIONES. La demanda cognitiva asociada a la lectura origina una disminución en FEP en todas las plataformas de lectura. Sin embargo, sólo la lectura electrónica ocasiona un aumento del porcentaje de parpadeo incompleto, lo que puede explicar l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Argilés

Cardona

Pérez‐Cabré

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Endogenous eye blink typically lasts from 100 to 400 milliseconds [9]. Mostly due to dry eye syndrome, only partially closed eye blink often occurs and this is called an incomplete blink [10]. Extended blinks [11] are the opposite when the eye closure (fully closed eye) lasts from 70 ms to around 1 second.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye blink detection based on motion vectors analysis

Fogelton

Benešová

2016

Computer Vision and Image Understanding

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“…Meibum prevents evaporation of tears. During computer use, blinking reduces and the number of incomplete blinks also increases [46][47][48][49]. Reduced blink rate and incomplete blinks results in uneven distribution and increased evaporation of tears causing dry ocular surfaces.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pterygium among Staff of College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi

Ahmed

et al. 2017

AOVS

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The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of pterygium among the staff of College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and an association between computer use and pterygium development. A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 150 staff of the College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi, aged 25 to 60 years who volunteered were examined for pterygium. A closeended questionnaire was used to interview the participants. Majority (68.00%) of the participants were males. The ages of the participants ranged from 25 years to 60 years, with a mean age of 38.85 years. Majority (79.33%) of the participants were generally indoor workers while 31(20.67%) were outdoor workers. One hundred and sixteen (77.33%) of the participants were computer users (either at work, home or both) and 34 (22.67%) of the participants were not. The general prevalence of pterygium was 41.33%. The proportion of pterygium was highest among males (43.14%), highest in the age group 41 -50 years (51.22%) and was higher among outdoor workers (51.61%) than indoor workers (40.33%). The proportion of pterygium among computer using participants was 40.52%. A significant association (95 CI, p = 0.02) was observed between the number of hours of computer use per day and pterygium development, with the highest number of cases recorded among those who spent more than 2 hours on the computer daily. Pterygium is more prevalent among outdoor workers than indoor workers. For indoor workers, individuals who spend time on the computer may be predisposed to the development of pterygium, with persons who spend an average of more than two hours per day on the computer both at home and at work , most susceptible. Keywords:

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Blink Rate, Incomplete Blinks and Computer Vision Syndrome

Cited by 186 publications

References 30 publications

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Blink Rate and Incomplete Blinks in Six Different Controlled Hard-Copy and Electronic Reading Conditions

Eye blink detection based on motion vectors analysis

Pterygium among Staff of College of Science, KNUST, Kumasi

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