Blistering Behavior during Oxide Scale Formation on Steel Surface

Kondo, Yasumitsu; Tanei, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Noriyuki; Ushioda, Kohsaku; Maeda, Muneyuki

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.51.1696

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our previous research indicates that CO, CO2, and N2 gases are main gaseous composition in a blister at the initiation stage and the gas pressure generated there is possible to detach the scale from the steel. 6) At the growth stage of blister, N2 alone was also found to have an effect on blister growth. 7) These results suggest that the pressure of the CO, CO2, and N2 gases generated at the scale/steel interface has a significant influence on blister initiation.…”

Section: Gas Generated At the Scale/steel Interfacementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The pressure of the CO and CO2 are high enough to cause the scales to detach. 6) Formation of blisters is initiated when the gas pressure underneath the oxide scale exceeds the scale adhesion force.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Oxidation Time Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical temperature of blister formation is the temperature that the gas pressure, which should be CO, CO2, and N 2 , underneath the oxide scale, exceeds the scale adhesion force. 6) The authors also discussed that the blister formation condition is limited by scale adhesion force rather than scale deformability because the adhesive force is lower than the yield strength of wustite at high temperature. 6) Above the temperature gas pressure beneath the scale exceeds the scale adhesive force because scale adhesive force become low at higher temperature as Fig.…”

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Oxidation Time Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,5) It was suggested that not only CO and CO2, but also N2, play a role in the blistering phenomenon. 6,7) No previous research has been reported on the role of scale structure on for blistering. Therefore, the present research is focused on the effects of the oxygen content in the atmosphere and scale structure on the blistering phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Hematite Formation on Blister Generation during High Temperature Oxidation of Steel

et al. 2012

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Blistering is a phenomenon in which oxide scale swells during oxidation at high temperatures. Blistered scale causes surface defects in steel products during hot-rolling processes. The present study investigated the effect of oxygen and the scale layer structure on blister initiation when steel is oxidized at high temperatures, and the mechanism of blister formation is discussed. The following conclusions are drawn. Blisters are not formed when the scale is a wustite mono-layer, but start to nucleate when the scale layer structure changes from the wustite mono-layer to a three-layered scale comprised of hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and wustite (FeO). The compressive stress in the oxide scale that is applied due to the oxide scale growth is largely released when scale layer structure changes from the wustite mono-layer to the three-layered scale. This result suggests that the compressive stress is not the main factor for blister initiation. It is deduced that the pressure of the CO, CO2, and N2 gases generated at the scale/steel interface is the main factor for blister formation. The hematite layer on the top surface of scale presumably acts as a barrier of gas permeability.

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Section: Gas Generated At the Scale/steel Interfacementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Oxidation Time Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Temperature and Oxidation Time Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Hematite Formation on Blister Generation during High Temperature Oxidation of Steel

et al. 2012

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“…[3][4][5] The blistering phenomenon has several stages of nucleation, growth, coalescence, shrinkage, and collapse. 6,7) For the point of blister prevention, most research work is associated with nucleation conditions and mechanism. 2,4,5) However, this is not enough to understand whole blistering mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nitrogen on Blister Growth Process during High Temperature Oxidation of Steel

et al. 2012

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Blistering occurs when oxide scale swells during oxidation at high temperatures. Blistered scale causes surface defects when rolled. The present study investigated the effect of nitrogen on blister growth when steel is oxidized at high temperatures, and drew the following conclusions. Atmospheric conditions before oxidation affect blister growth. Blisters nucleate but do not grow, when a steel sample is held in Ar gas or in vacuum before oxidation. Blisters inflate when a steel sample is held in N2 gas before oxidation. The gas inside the grown blisters is mainly N2 gas. The steel surface is nitrided in N2 gas at high temperatures. It is deduced that the steel surface is nitrided before oxidation, and the nitrogen component causes blister growth upon its release as N2 gas at the scale/steel interface.

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Influence of Nickel on High‐Temperature Oxidation and Characteristics of Oxide Layers in Two High‐Strength Steels

Vedaei-Sabegh

Morin²,

Jahazi

2019

steel research int.

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The oxidation behaviors of two high‐strength medium carbon steels with different Ni concentrations are investigated by means of differential thermal analysis equipped with thermogravimetry (TG). Four different oxidation temperatures and five oxidation times are tested. A parabolic behavior is observed for the oxide growth in both alloys; however, the relative increases in the oxidation rate from one temperature to another are not similar for both alloys, and the oxidation kinetics of the Ni‐rich steel are significantly lower than those of the low Ni alloy. On the basis of the TG results, the activation energy for the oxidation of the two alloys is determined. The influence of Ni content on the microstructure and characteristics of the different oxide layers is studied using a combination of laser confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results revealed a clear influence of Ni on the nature and relative presence of different oxide layers. The results are interpreted in terms of the influence of Ni on the diffusion of oxygen through the oxide layer.

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Blistering Behavior during Oxide Scale Formation on Steel Surface

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Role of Hematite Formation on Blister Generation during High Temperature Oxidation of Steel

Role of Hematite Formation on Blister Generation during High Temperature Oxidation of Steel

Effect of Nitrogen on Blister Growth Process during High Temperature Oxidation of Steel

Influence of Nickel on High‐Temperature Oxidation and Characteristics of Oxide Layers in Two High‐Strength Steels

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