Bloat in Cattle. XVII. Wheat Pasture Bloat and Its Prevention with Poloxalene

Bartley, E.E.; Barr, G. W.; Mickelsen, R.

doi:10.2527/jas1975.413752x

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Frothy bloat in cattle grazing wheat forage is usually associated with actively growing, highly digestible forage with a high proportion of crude (18–34%) and soluble protein (60–80%) (Bartley et al, 1975; Horn, 2006). Carbohydrates and soluble proteins from wheat forage are rapidly degraded and fermented in the rumen, with release of ammonia, volatile fatty acids, and fermentative gases at a much higher rate than normal (Min et al, 2005b, 2006).…”

Section: Bloat In Cattle Grazing Winter Wheat Foragementioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds Affect Bloat Potential of Wheat Forage

Malinowski¹,

Pinchak²,

Min³

et al. 2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major source of high‐quality winter forage for grazing cattle (Bos taurus L.) in the southern Great Plains of the United States. High concentrations of crude protein and soluble nitrogen fractions in wheat forage are often associated with frothy bloat conditions in cattle. The death loss of stocker cattle grazing wheat due to bloat ranges 2 to 3% in the southern Great Plains each year. The occurrence of frothy bloat in cattle grazing on wheat forage is affected by a number of factors, including complex relationships among wheat plant metabolism, cattle genetics, environmental conditions, and ruminal microbial activity. Traditional approaches to control frothy bloat rely on feed supplements such as surfactants and ionophores, grass hay, and condensed tannins. In a series of experiments conducted at Vernon and Chillicothe, TX, during 2004 to 2006, we determined correlations between total phenolic concentrations in wheat forage and foam strength (an estimate of the bloat potential) in a range of wheat breeding lines and commercial cultivars evaluated by the Wheat Breeding Program of Texas A&M AgriLife Research. Total phenolic concentration was inversely correlated with foam strength in each growing season. Wheat cultivars and experimental breeding lines differed in total phenolic concentration in forage, suggesting a potential for development of cultivars with higher phenolic content in forage as a measure to decrease bloat occurrences in grazing cattle.

show abstract

Section: Bloat In Cattle Grazing Winter Wheat Foragementioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Compounds Affect Bloat Potential of Wheat Forage

Malinowski¹,

Pinchak²,

Min³

et al. 2015

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Total CP, soluble protein N, insoluble protein N, and nonprotein N were determined for fresh forage samples by the Kjeldahl digestion procedure (AOAC, 1990). Forage samples were prepared as described by Bartley et al (1975) and previously utilized in our laboratory (Min et al, 2005b). One gram of the chopped (approximately 0.5 cm) plant material from each sample was analyzed for Kjeldahl N (total N).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat1

Min

Pinchak

Anderson

et al. 2006

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research was conducted to determine the effects of level of supplementation with quebracho condensed tannins (CT) on in vitro ruminal fluid gas production, in vivo ruminal fluid protein fractions, bloat dynamics, and ADG of steers grazing winter wheat. Two experiments were conducted to 1) enumerate the effect of ruminal fluid from steers fed quebracho CT (0, 1, and 2% CT/kg of DMI) on in vitro gas and methane production from minced fresh wheat forage; and 2) quantify the influence of CT supplementation on ruminal protein characteristics, biofilm complexes, bloat potential, and ADG of steers grazing wheat pasture. Eighteen ruminally cannulated steers (386 +/- 36 kg of BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments that included a control (water infusion) and 2 CT treatment levels (1 or 2% CT/kg of DMI). Treatments were administered daily (63 d) through the rumen cannula as pre-mixes with warm water (approximately 30 degrees C). Rumen contents were collected 2 h postinfusion (at 1030 to 1130) on d 0, 20, 40, 50, and 60. Bloat was visually scored daily for 5 d each wk. In Exp. 1, supplementation of CT decreased the rate of in vitro gas production in a dose-dependent response. In Exp. 2, ADG increased (P < 0.04) at both levels of CT supplementation. Mean bloat score across stage of growth and replicates decreased linearly with increasing CT supplementation; bloat scores were greater (P < 0.001) for the vegetative than for the reproductive stage of plant growth. Biofilm production and rumen fluid protein fractions varied among CT treatments and stage of growth. Addition of CT reduced the severity of bloat, principally through reducing microbial activities, biofilm production, and ruminal gas production. Quebracho CT is potentially a value-added supplement that can decrease the impacts of frothy bloat and increase BW gains in stocker cattle-wheat systems.

show abstract

“…Total CP, soluble protein N, insoluble protein N, and NPN from fresh forage samples were determined by the Kjeldahl digestion procedure (AOAC, 1990). Forage samples were prepared as described by Bartley et al (1975). One gram (fresh sample) of the chopped (0.5 cm) plant material from each sample was analyzed for Kjeldahl N (total N).…”

Section: Laboratory Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal factors include ruminal gas and foam production dynamics, rate of passage, and ruminal microbial populations (Hungate et al, 1955;Cole and Boda, 1960;Bartley and Bassette, 1961). Total and soluble forage proteins have been identified as precursors to bloat on wheat pasture (Bartley et al, 1975). The rapid release of soluble protein into ruminal fluid promotes the formation of the polysaccharide slime (Clarke and Reid, 1974;Howarth et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat pasture bloat dynamics, in vitro ruminal gas production, and potential bloat mitigation with condensed tannins1

Min

Pinchak

Fulford

et al. 2005

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage growth stage, forage allowance, time of day, and commercial condensed tannins (CT) on steer bloat dynamics and in vitro ruminal gas production. Twenty-six crossbreed steers (Angus x Hereford x Salers; average initial BW = 194 +/- 26 kg) were used. Wheat forage allowances were either 18 kg (high forage allowance) and 6 kg (low forage allowance) of DM/(100 kg BW.d). In each bloat observation period, fresh wheat forage samples were hand-clipped to ground level in all study pastures for nutrient and in vitro ruminal gas production analyses. In vitro ruminal gas accumulation was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 h. Commercial CT was added at 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg of CT/g of DM. Bloat was scored once per week on two consecutive days at 0800 and 1500 during the vegetative stage and once every 2 wk during the reproductive stage of wheat development. Mean bloat score was calculated for each steer by time of day, stage of plant growth, and forage allowance. Bloat was detected in 65.8% of the observation periods. Average bloat scores were four and 2.5 times greater (P < 0.05) in cattle grazing at a high forage allowance than at a low forage allowance in the vegetative and reproductive growth phases of wheat, respectively. Rate of gas production was greater (P < 0.001) in the vegetative stage than in the reproductive stage. Steer bloat score was positively correlated with forage CP (r = 0.22; P < 0.05) and IVDMD (r = 0.32; P < 0.05). Rate of ruminal gas production was positively correlated (P < 0.01) to forage CP (r = 0.48), NPN (r = 0.40), soluble protein (r = 0.32), and IVDMD (r = 0.47). Conversely, negative correlations were found for forage DM (r = -0.20; P < 0.05), insoluble protein (r = -0.40), NDF (r = -0.69), and forage height (r = -0.49; P < 0.01) on the rate of ruminal gas production. Addition of CT at levels greater than 10 mg of CT/g of DM decreased (P < 0.05) the rate of in vitro ruminal gas and methane gas production after 5 h of incubation. Wheat pasture bloat is a complex disorder that varies across an array of forage and environmental conditions. Condensed tannins have the potential to decrease bloat by altering ruminal gas production and soluble protein digestibility from wheat forage.

show abstract

Bloat in Cattle. XVII. Wheat Pasture Bloat and Its Prevention with Poloxalene

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Phenolic Compounds Affect Bloat Potential of Wheat Forage

Phenolic Compounds Affect Bloat Potential of Wheat Forage

Effects of condensed tannins supplementation level on weight gain and in vitro and in vivo bloat precursors in steers grazing winter wheat1

Wheat pasture bloat dynamics, in vitro ruminal gas production, and potential bloat mitigation with condensed tannins1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About