Blockchain and Collaborative Intelligence based next generation Smart Toll Application

Abstract

The confluence of Internet of Things(IoT) , Blockchain(BC) and Artificial Intelligence(AI) acts as a key accelerator for enabling Machine Economy [1]. To be ready for future businesses these technologies needs to be adapted by extending the IoT capabilities to Economy of Things (EoT) [2] capabilities. In this paper we focus on one such implementation experience for Smart Toll Transaction application in the domain of mobility. Our paper showcases a possible solution by leveraging negotiations, decision making, distributed learning capabilities at the devices level using AI-enabled Multi-Agent Systems and the real-time smart contracts between the Cars and Tolls using Blockchain. This solution also showcases the monetization of real time data coming from various IoT devices which are part of vehicles and infrastructure. While blockchain secures the privacy of the participants it also acts as an economic transactional layer and governance layer between the devices in the network.

Next Generation of Multi-Agent Driven Smart City Applications and Research Paradigms

“…Smart Toll transaction application has brought security and privacy into smart mobility applications where IoT, Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence work as key accelerators. Abraham et al [96], [131] have introduced an AI that enables a Multi-Agent system and real-time smart contracts between cars and tolls. Their system secures the economic transaction privacy of users using Blockchain, acting as an interface in an economic transaction layer and governance layer.…”

Overview of Applied Data Analytic Mechanisms and Approaches Using Permissioned Blockchains

“…Abraham [47] implemented a smart toll transaction application that used smart contracts between tolls and cars. The application aims to leverage decision-making, negotiations, and distributed learning capabilities among devices.…”

“…This section focuses on observing and extracting key features of papers [6], [34]- [47] that applied analytics over or through permissioned blockchains. These papers are compared by extracting the relevant aspects from different perspectives into tables.…”

“…Tightly coupled Papers [34], [35], [37], [6], [36], [40], [38], [41], [39], [42], [43] [45], [44], [46], [47] Common aspects To sum up the best practices and common implementations of the findings. Some recommendations could be stated when dealing with data analytics over permissioned blockchains.…”

“…These features are real-time analytics, on-chain analytics, and the application of AI. Both studies [44], [47] that proposed real-time analytics were specific purpose oriented.…”