Blockchain-Based Countermeasures for Luxury Goods Counterfeiting: A Focused Survey

Jevtic, Marko; Khan, Sajjad; Gomes, Jorão; Svetinovic, Davor

doi:10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338871

2023 Fifth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA) 2023

DOI: 10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338871

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Blockchain-Based Countermeasures for Luxury Goods Counterfeiting: A Focused Survey

Marko Jevtic,

Sajjad Khan,

Jorão Gomes

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

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Efficient Traceability Systems with Smart Contracts: Balancing On-Chain and Off-Chain Data Storage for Enhanced Scalability and Privacy

Fernández-Iglesias,

Delgado von Eitzen,

Anido-Rifón

2024

Applied Sciences

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The growing importance of traceability in supply chains requires robust, transparent, and efficient systems to ensure the integrity and authenticity of product journeys. This paper presents a comprehensive characterisation and data model for a generic blockchain-based traceability system, highlighting its implementation using smart contracts on Ethereum-compatible networks, as the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), with its pioneering implementation of smart contracts and its extensive ecosystem; it provides a robust environment for developing decentralised applications. We discuss the advantages of using blockchain technology to notarise traceability activities, ensuring immutability and transparency by exploring two main scenarios, namely one where hash keys (i.e, cryptographic digests) are stored on-chain while detailed data remain off-chain, and another where all traceability data are fully stored on-chain. Each approach is evaluated for its impact on scalability, privacy, storage efficiency, and operational costs. The hash key method offers significant advantages in reducing blockchain storage costs, enhancing privacy, and maintaining data integrity, but it depends on reliable off-chain storage. Conversely, the full on-chain approach guarantees data immutability but at a higher cost and lower scalability. By combining these strategies, a balanced solution can be achieved, leveraging the strengths of both methods to provide a reliable, efficient, and secure blockchain-based traceability system, which is illustrated with a practical implementation to support traceability in the timber sector in Galicia, Spain. This paper aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners looking to implement or enhance traceability systems using blockchain technology, demonstrating how smart contracts can be effectively utilised to meet the demanding requirements of modern supply chains.

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Efficient Traceability Systems with Smart Contracts: Balancing On-Chain and Off-Chain Data Storage for Enhanced Scalability and Privacy

Fernández-Iglesias,

Delgado von Eitzen,

Anido-Rifón

2024

Applied Sciences

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Blockchain-Based Zero-Trust Supply Chain Security Integrated with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Inventory Optimization

Ma,

Chen,

Sun

et al. 2024

Future Internet

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Modern supply chain systems face significant challenges, including lack of transparency, inefficient inventory management, and vulnerability to disruptions and security threats. Traditional optimization methods often struggle to adapt to the complex and dynamic nature of these systems. This paper presents a novel blockchain-based zero-trust supply chain security framework integrated with deep reinforcement learning (SAC-rainbow) to address these challenges. The SAC-rainbow framework leverages the Soft Actor–Critic (SAC) algorithm with prioritized experience replay for inventory optimization and a blockchain-based zero-trust mechanism for secure supply chain management. The SAC-rainbow algorithm learns adaptive policies under demand uncertainty, while the blockchain architecture ensures secure, transparent, and traceable record-keeping and automated execution of supply chain transactions. An experiment using real-world supply chain data demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed framework in terms of reward maximization, inventory stability, and security metrics. The SAC-rainbow framework offers a promising solution for addressing the challenges of modern supply chains by leveraging blockchain, deep reinforcement learning, and zero-trust security principles. This research paves the way for developing secure, transparent, and efficient supply chain management systems in the face of growing complexity and security risks.

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Blockchain-Based Countermeasures for Luxury Goods Counterfeiting: A Focused Survey

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Efficient Traceability Systems with Smart Contracts: Balancing On-Chain and Off-Chain Data Storage for Enhanced Scalability and Privacy

Efficient Traceability Systems with Smart Contracts: Balancing On-Chain and Off-Chain Data Storage for Enhanced Scalability and Privacy

Blockchain-Based Zero-Trust Supply Chain Security Integrated with Deep Reinforcement Learning for Inventory Optimization

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