Blockchain Based Data Integrity Verification for Cloud Storage with T-Merkle Tree

He, Kai; Shi, Jing; Huang, Chunxiao; Hu, Xinrong

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60248-2_5

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, users may already remove the original data from their local storage because it is already stored in CSPs. A major problem with loss of data possession is that CSPs can hide mistakes they made from users for their benefit [ 5 , 6 ]. Besides, CSPs may face internal or external security problems such as accidentally corrupting or eliminating rarely accessed users’ data to reduce storage burden and claims that all data are still stored within the cloud and internal software bugs [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, CSPs may face internal or external security problems such as accidentally corrupting or eliminating rarely accessed users’ data to reduce storage burden and claims that all data are still stored within the cloud and internal software bugs [ 3 ]. In another case, data integrity is at risk if a bad actor successfully compromises the CSPs’ systems [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distributed Data Integrity Verification Scheme in Multi-Cloud Environment

Witanto

Stanley

Lee

2023

Sensors

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Most existing data integrity auditing protocols in cloud storage rely on proof of probabilistic data possession. Consequently, the sampling rate of data integrity verification is low to prevent expensive costs to the auditor. However, in the case of a multi-cloud environment, the amount of stored data will be huge. As a result, a higher sampling rate is needed. It will also have an increased cost for the auditor as a consequence. Therefore, this paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed data integrity verification protocol in multi-cloud environments that enables data verification using multi-verifiers. The proposed scheme aims to increase the sampling rate of data verification without increasing the costs significantly. The performance analysis shows that this protocol achieved a lower time consumption required for verification tasks using multi-verifiers than a single verifier. Furthermore, utilizing multi-verifiers also decreases each verifier’s computation and communication costs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Data Integrity Verification Scheme in Multi-Cloud Environment

Witanto

Stanley

Lee

2023

Sensors

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“…Part of this work has previously appeared as an extended version in a conference [32]. We revise and extend the work mainly from five aspects compared with [32].…”

Section: Blockchain-based Data Integrity Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of this work has previously appeared as an extended version in a conference [32]. We revise and extend the work mainly from five aspects compared with [32]. First, we analyze the impact of data dynamic operations on the blockchain-based system and extend our scheme to dispose of secure data dynamic operations.…”

Section: Blockchain-based Data Integrity Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Decentralized and Dynamic Data Integrity Verification for Secure Cloud Storage via T-Merkle Hash Tree Based Blockchain

Huang

Shi

et al. 2021

Mobile Information Systems

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Cloud storage provides elastic storage services for enterprises and individuals remotely. However, security problems such as data integrity are becoming a major obstacle. Recently, blockchain-based verification approaches have been extensively studied to get rid of a centralized third-party auditor. Most of these schemes suffer from poor scalability and low search efficiency and even fail to support data dynamic update operations on blockchain, which limits their large-scale and practical applications. In this work, we propose a blockchain-based dynamic data integrity verification scheme for cloud storage with T-Merkle hash tree. A decentralized scheme is proposed to eliminate the restrictions of previous centralized schemes. The data tags are generated by the technique of ZSS short signature and stored on blockchain. An improved verification method is designed to check the integrity of cloud data by transferring computation from a verifier to cloud server and blockchain. Furthermore, a storage structure called T-Merkle hash tree which is built based on T-tree and Merkle hash tree is designed to improve storage utilization of blockchain and support binary search on chain. Moreover, we achieve efficient and secure dynamic update operations on blockchain by an append-only manner. Besides, we extend our scheme to support batch verification to handle massive tasks simultaneously; thus, the efficiency is improved and communication cost is reduced. Finally, we implemented a prototype system based on Hyperledger Fabric to validate our scheme. Security analysis and performance studies show that the proposed scheme is secure and efficient.

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“…Despite the great success of cloud storage, it also faces various challenges [2]- [4], and its security, reliability and privacy have always been a serious issue [6], [7]. After the user stores the data on the cloud server, the server provider may damage or delete the user data due to various factors [12], verifying the integrity of outsourced data becomes a crucial issue in cloud storage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Integrity Audit Scheme Based on Blockchain Expansion Technology

et al. 2022

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Increasing numbers of users are outsourcing data to the cloud, but data integrity is an important issue. Due to the decentralization and immutability of blockchain, more and more researchers tend to use blockchain to replace third-party auditors. This paper proposes a data integrity system based on blockchain expansion technology that aims to solve the problem of high cost for blockchain network maintenance and for user creation of new blocks caused by the rapid growth of blocks in the data integrity audit scheme of existing blockchain technology. Users and cloud service providers (CSP) deploy smart contracts on the main chain and sub-chains. Intensive and frequent computing work is transferred to the sub-chain for completion, and the computation results of the sub-chain are submitted to the main chain periodically or when needed to ensure its finality. The concept of non-interactive audit is introduced to avoid affecting user experience due to the communication with the CSP during the audit process. In order to ensure data security, a reward pool mechanism is introduced. Comprehensive analysis from aspects such as storage, batch auditing and data consistency proves the correctness of the scheme. Experiments on the Ethereum blockchain platform demonstrate that this scheme can effectively reduce storage and computational overhead.INDEX TERMS Blockchain, cloud storage, data auditing, blockchain expansion.

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Blockchain Based Data Integrity Verification for Cloud Storage with T-Merkle Tree

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Distributed Data Integrity Verification Scheme in Multi-Cloud Environment

Distributed Data Integrity Verification Scheme in Multi-Cloud Environment

Enabling Decentralized and Dynamic Data Integrity Verification for Secure Cloud Storage via T-Merkle Hash Tree Based Blockchain

Data Integrity Audit Scheme Based on Blockchain Expansion Technology

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