“…Blockchain has been acknowledged as an effective technology in delivering transparency, immutability, traceability, trust, and performance of traceability systems (Lazuashvili et al, 2019). Several studies conclude that blockchain-based systems improve ownership traceability, particularly in supply chain management (Islam et al, 2018;Islam and Kundu, 2019;Sund et al, 2020) as well as in areas where traceability is often the most challenging for intangible items such as the origin of products and ownership (Hasan et al, 2020;Cu et al, 2021). One of the relevant works to our paper that should be mentioned is the study by Lazuashvili et al (2019) on the integration of blockchain technology into a land registration system for immutable traceability.…”