Blockchain based Medical Record Storage and Retrieval using NFT Tracking System

Vijayalakshmi, K.; Bushra, S. Nikkath; Subramanian, Nalini; Ponnuramu, Veeralakshmi

doi:10.1109/icoei53556.2022.9776833

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has been shown to improve interoperability and access across organizations [ 7 , 8 ]. Even with the magnitude of information stored within the blockchain server, the longest wait time for information using the system was 14ms, exceedingly faster than current systems [ 9 ]. Several studies have demonstrated that the use of blockchain took less time than standard centralized storage schemes even with the additional overhead of user authentication [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Until Proof of Credentials Significantly Decreases With the Use of Blockchain Technology and the Document Management System

Tissier,

Berglund,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background and objective Physician credentialing and verification in the medical education setting are challenging for the modern workforce. The credentials verification process may be time-consuming and challenging for participants. Blockchain technology is a potential resource for authenticating records with reduced administrative burden and time spent. This study investigates whether the use of blockchain technology reduces the time until verification of a participant’s credentials. Methods An anonymous letter designation was assigned to 23 medical students. All students enrolled in, and completed, a course designed and run by the Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine at Auburn (VCOM) as part of the routine medical education curriculum. At the completion of the training, a credentials certificate was produced, which showed course completion. The anonymous letter designation was utilized in the creation of the certificates. The letter designations were shared with an anonymous investigator. No student names were shared with the investigator. The investigator posed as an employing/credentialing entity and contacted VCOM to record the time required to verify the credentials certificate indicating course completion. The elapsed time until credentials verification was completed for each student in the current system (CS) was recorded. Subsequently, the credentials certificate was minted as a blockchain-based, non-fungible token (NFT) and uploaded to a document software management system. An investigator again posed as an employing/credentialing entity and utilized this system to verify the credentials of the 23 students in the study using the NFT system. The times elapsed until verification of credentials were recorded as the NFT pathway. Data from the NFT pathway and non-NFT pathway were compiled and reviewed. Results Data were normally distributed per the Andersen-Darling Test. A t-test (Welch’s method) was performed. The mean time of 111,214 seconds (30.89 hours or 1.29 days) in the CS varied significantly from the mean time of 14 seconds in the NFT blockchain system (p<0.01). The standard deviation of 56,568 seconds in CS varied significantly from 9.9178 seconds in the NFT blockchain (p<0.01). Conclusions The NFT/blockchain system reduces the mean time until the credential verification is completed and reduces the variance seen in time until credentialing is completed. The NFT/blockchain system may significantly bring down the administrative burden and time spent in the credentialing process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Until Proof of Credentials Significantly Decreases With the Use of Blockchain Technology and the Document Management System

Tissier,

Berglund,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Thus, NFTs empower patients to control their data and choose with whom they want to share the data. Access to patients' stored records can be through mobile applications ( 29 ). Data providers can view their medical information and track who can access it through NFTs.…”

Section: Focal Research Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in healthcare: a thematic analysis and research agenda

Sibanda,

Ndayizigamiye,

Twinomurinzi

2024

Front. Digit. Health

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IntroductionIn the big data era, where corporations commodify health data, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) present a transformative avenue for patient empowerment and control. NFTs are unique digital assets on the blockchain, representing ownership of digital objects, including health data. By minting their data as NFTs, patients can track access, monetize its use, and build secure, private health information systems. However, research on NFTs in healthcare is in its infancy, warranting a comprehensive review.MethodsThis study conducted a systematic literature review and thematic analysis of NFTs in healthcare to identify use cases, design models, and key challenges. Five multidisciplinary research databases (Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, IEEE Explore, Elsevier Science Direct) were searched. The approach involved four stages: paper collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria application, screening, full-text reading, and quality assessment. A classification and coding framework was employed. Thematic analysis followed six steps: data familiarization, initial code generation, theme searching, theme review, theme definition/naming, and report production.ResultsAnalysis of 19 selected papers revealed three primary use cases: patient-centric data management, supply chain management for data provenance, and digital twin development. Notably, most solutions were prototypes or frameworks without real-world implementations. Four overarching themes emerged: data governance (ownership, tracking, privacy), data monetization (commercialization, incentivization, sharing), data protection, and data storage. The focus lies on user-controlled, private, and secure health data solutions. Additionally, data commodification is explored, with mechanisms proposed to incentivize data maintenance and sharing. NFTs are also suggested for tracking medical products in supply chains, ensuring data integrity and provenance. Ethereum and similar platforms dominate NFT minting, while compact NFT storage options are being explored for faster data access.ConclusionNFTs offer significant potential for secure, traceable, decentralized healthcare data exchange systems. However, challenges exist, including dependence on blockchain, interoperability issues, and associated costs. The review identified research gaps, such as developing dual ownership models and data pricing strategies. Building an open standard for interoperability and adoption is crucial. The scalability, security, and privacy of NFT-backed healthcare applications require further investigation. Thus, this study proposes a research agenda for adopting NFTs in healthcare, focusing on governance, storage models, and perceptions.

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“…NFT has many applications related to healthcare such as supply chain, genetic data, etc. NFT represent the digital certificate for an asset to ensure it is one of a kind and unique and no one owns this item rather than the current owner [21][22][23][24][25][26] Using NFT as a medical record involves many challenges such as doctors and laboratory members are not familiar with the key distribution technique and cannot manage it for a huge number of patients and data included within the block and will be available to the doctors. Many technologies can be combined with NFT to improve the metaverse world such as artificial intelligence [21], advanced networks [22], and multimedia applications [23].…”

Section: Non-fungible Token (Nft)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for Electronic Medical Records Based on NFT-EMR

Mohammed

Wahab

2023

Int. J. Onl. Eng.

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saving the patient medical record electronically is done via electronic medical records (EMRs) where all the patient-related information that consider private and sensitive is usually related to the treatment process, as well as the diagnoses process of a specific patient usually this information needs to be shared and re-submit by many peers doctors with each, In this paper, propose a novel approach for electronic medical records system using a non-fungible token (NFT) based on a customized permission blockchain built with secret sharing technology to reduce the key management overhead as well as provide a readable extension of the ledger to ensure it is easy to read and easy access from any type of computer. The system that uses NFT for electronic medical records (NFT-EMR) ensures easy access and guarantees availability, privacy, and security providing authority to the patient over his data as well as proof of ownership which is done using proof of secret shares and consistency this system can be used in real-world between hospitals and medical centers and within metaverse world. The NFT-ERM system was evaluated using the main evaluation factors used to evaluate blockchain and compared to the standard ERM system.

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Blockchain based Medical Record Storage and Retrieval using NFT Tracking System

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Time Until Proof of Credentials Significantly Decreases With the Use of Blockchain Technology and the Document Management System

Time Until Proof of Credentials Significantly Decreases With the Use of Blockchain Technology and the Document Management System

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) in healthcare: a thematic analysis and research agenda

A Novel Approach for Electronic Medical Records Based on NFT-EMR

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