Blockchain Empowers Social Resistance and Terrorism Through Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

Abstract

The invention of the Internet has changed the way social resistance, revolutionary movements and terror groups are organized with new features such as loose network organization, netwars, social media campaigns, and lone wolf attacks. This article argues that blockchain technology will lead to more far-reaching changes in the organization of resistance to authority. Blockchain is a distributed ledger that records transactions using a consensus protocol, and when it meets objective conditions, it also enables smart contracts that execute transactions. Blockchain technology is not only a system for transferring value, but also it is a trustless system in which strangers can cooperate without the need for having to trust each other, as computer code governs their interactions. Blockchain will not only allow resistance/ terror organizations to easily receive donations globally, to have assets that a government can easily confiscate, and to disseminate censorship-resistant propaganda, but more importantly, to operate and cooperate across the world in a truly leaderless, coordinated, and highly decentralized fashion. Governments will need to be more proactive in the area of blockchain technology to mitigate some of the dangers to political stability that may emerge from it.

Towards blockchain led decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) business model innovations

“…, 2019). Research is required to study organization design to deliver harmony in decentralized structures without thinking about closely coupled hierarchical structures and positions (Anand and Chauhan, 2020; Krishnan, 2020). DAO business models enforce community audits as a continuous transaction with the activity to enhance decentralized coordination.…”

“…DAO is also considered an open-source project that managed smart contracts for 10,000þ investors. Theoretically, safe code was attacked because of the software bug and the community shelled out USD 150 million to maintain the status quo and reverse the transaction (Anand and Chauhan, 2020;Batta et al, 2020;Hsieh et al, 2018;Krishnan, 2020;Mehar et al, 2019;Morrison et al, 2020).…”

“…Therefore, proposed DAO business models' elements must be investigated and formalize future legal, acceptance and reputation-based liabilities between stakeholders to safeguard their interests based on digital smart contracts (Morkunas et al, 2019). Research is required to study organization design to deliver harmony in decentralized structures without thinking about closely coupled hierarchical structures and positions (Anand and Chauhan, 2020;Krishnan, 2020). DAO business models enforce community audits as a continuous transaction with the activity to enhance decentralized coordination.…”

Blockchain for Electronic Voting System—Review and Open Research Challenges

“…Central authorities, such as election authorities and government agencies, will be shifted away from electronic voting based on blockchain. As a result, political leaders who have profited from the existing election process are likely to oppose the technology because blockchain will empower social resistance through decentralized autonomous organizations [ 97 ].…”

Blockchain for the environmentally sustainable enterprise

“…Blockchain technology (BCT) meaningfully contributes to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs) by improving sustainable supply chain management, tracing of product stewardship capabilities, and promoting development of secure and reliable smart cities (Parmentola et al, 2021). Alternatively, BCT has significant energy requirements (Lei et al, 2021) and privacy concerns (Ghonge et al, 2022) and is vulnerable to malicious actors (Krishnan, 2020). Balancing the negative with the positive is critical for successful implementation and adoption of BCT in the environmentally sustainable enterprise.…”