Blockchain-Enabled Cyber-Secure Microgrid Control Using Consensus Algorithm

Mahmud, Rasel; Seo, Gab-Su

doi:10.1109/compel52922.2021.9645973

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One of the main advantages of blockchain-permissioned data control systems is that the data becomes immutable due to the distributed data storage, verification, and validation properties of the blockchain, which can be used to preserve the integrity, privacy, and availability of the smart grid data [9]. The proactive role of blockchain in securing exchanged data against cyberattacks in grid-connected and power-sharing inverters was investigated in [10], [11]; however, the literature has not yet sufficiently addressed the practical application of blockchain for inverter-level control. The majority of blockchain-based smart grid applications concentrate on managing economic dispatch among DERs and energy transactions [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of blockchain-based smart grid applications concentrate on managing economic dispatch among DERs and energy transactions [12]. As such, the viability of using blockchain for the control of inverter-based resource (IBR)-dominated power systems is still an open research topic because the control requires high communication performance to support low-inertia system operations-In addition to the blockchain capacity to manage numerous assets [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Proactive–Reactive Methodology for Cyber-Resilient Inverter Control System

Greidanus,

Seo,

Mazumder

2024

IEEE Access

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This paper presents a unified multi-timescale control approach for a power system with distributed energy resources to achieve cyber-resilient operation. The proposed concept combines two cyber-resilient control methods: proactive and reactive methods. The proactive method uses a blockchain that ensures measurement and control data can be securely exchanged among grid assets and also derives control set points as a load-sharing supervisory control, with an embedded logic called chaincode. The proactive method ensures data integrity, but it inherits stochastic latency with significant standard deviation due to the nature of the distributed ledgers and security measures, leading to challenges in control. To overcome this trade-off, the reactive approach uses event-driven communication. For this approach, rather than communicating the complete data, a lightweight data packet is communicated in a peer-to-peer fashion. Therefore, it guarantees driving the system into a stable operation in case the proactive operation degrades with insufficient latency. To validate the concept, Hyperleger Fabric blockchain 2.2 is used to characterize the latency and is customized for an inverter control system in this study. Based on the use case, a stability analysis is presented to evaluate the impact of the variable delay and to identify the need for a reactive approach to mitigate the effects of a prolonged delay in the proactive method. A test bed with two hardware inverter prototypes and a custom blockchain programmed with the unified method is developed for validation. A set of hardware experimental results validates the methodology and demonstrates the inverter system operations achieving frequency recovery and load-sharing restoration based on the unified control method.INDEX TERMS Cyber-resilient control, blockchain, event-triggered, supervisory control, load-sharing, frequency recovery system with an increased number of assets-but also security issues-how to operate such a communication-dependent system in a cyber-secure manner [2]. To effectively manage and control various DERs, along with local distribution and transmission networks, it is deemed critical to establish extensive real-time data connectivity through wide-area networks (WANs), protocol standards, and real-time monitoring devices [3].Enhancing the cybersecurity measures to the DER control communication networks comes at the cost of increased communication latency due to data processing, supplementary router/switch hops, fire-walling, cryptography techniques,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proactive–Reactive Methodology for Cyber-Resilient Inverter Control System

Greidanus,

Seo,

Mazumder

2024

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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“…Another distributed control strategy was developed in [8] where the authors designed a resilient control against cyber attacks on communication links, local controllers, and master controllers of microgrids. Also, researchers in [9] proposed a distributed control strategy based on blockchain to enhance cyber vulnerability of microgrids equipped with distributed energy resources. [10] constructs an attack detector based on the stable kernel representation of an islanded microgrid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient Networked Control of Inverter-Based Microgrids against False Data Injections

et al. 2022

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Inverter-based energy resource is a fast emerging technology for microgrids. Operation of micorgrids with integration of these resources, especially in an islanded operation mode, is challenging. To effectively capture microgrid dynamics and also control these resources in islanded microgrids, a heavy cyber and communication infrastructure is required. This high reliance of microgrids on cyber interfaces makes these systems prone to cyber-disruptions. Hence, the hierarchical control of microgrids, including primary, secondary, and tertiary control, needs to be developed to operate resiliently. This paper shows the vulnerability of microgrid control in the presence of False Data Injection (FDI) attack, which is one type of cyber-disruption. Then, this paper focuses on designing a resilient secondary control based on Unknown Input Observer (UIO) against FDI. The simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed controller over other standard controllers.

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“…Moreover, the interface of the blockchain and the data structure of the sensed measurement are demonstrated. Reference [77] proposes a consensus algorithm based distributed control method for DERs, in which blockchain is set up as a secure communication medium for cyber resilience. A blockchain server is installed for each DERs to share local measurements to achieve the control objective.…”

Section: Blockchain Based Power System Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain applications for peer-to-peer energy trading

Yang¹

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I would like to thank National Research Foundation and Energy Market Authority (EMA), Singapore for offering me the research scholarship to pursue my doctoral degree. I would also like to thank Nanyang Technology University (NTU) for offering me great research facilities and environment. I am extremely grateful to my parents for their unconditional love and support.Last but not the least, I specially appreciate my wife Mrs. Yiwen Zhang for her constant support and love that she showered on me.

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Blockchain-Enabled Cyber-Secure Microgrid Control Using Consensus Algorithm

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

A Proactive–Reactive Methodology for Cyber-Resilient Inverter Control System

A Proactive–Reactive Methodology for Cyber-Resilient Inverter Control System

Resilient Networked Control of Inverter-Based Microgrids against False Data Injections

Blockchain applications for peer-to-peer energy trading

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