2020
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa444
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Blocking intruders: inducible physico-chemical barriers against plant vascular wilt pathogens

Abstract: Xylem vascular wilt pathogens cause some of the most devastating diseases in plants. Proliferation of these pathogens in the xylem tissue causes massive disruption of water and mineral transport, resulting in severe wilting and death of the infected plants. Upon reaching the xylem vascular tissue, these pathogens multiply profusely and later spread vertically within the xylem sap and horizontally between vessels and to the surrounding tissues. Plant resistance to these pathogens is very complex. One of the mos… Show more

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Cited by 84 publications
(79 citation statements)
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References 152 publications
(126 reference statements)
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“…In addition, deposits in the xylem cell walls act as a shield against pathogen-derived metabolites such as toxins and enzymes, and diminishes water and nutrient availability for pathogens, thereby impeding their growth (Araujo et al ., 2014). This vascular confinement is an effective strategy commonly found among plants resistant to vascular wilt pathogens such as R. solanacearum, which otherwise spread systemically once they reach the vasculature, clogging the vessels and causing irreversible damage and plant death (Potter et al ., 2011; Scortichini, 2020; Kashyap et al ., 2021;)…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In addition, deposits in the xylem cell walls act as a shield against pathogen-derived metabolites such as toxins and enzymes, and diminishes water and nutrient availability for pathogens, thereby impeding their growth (Araujo et al ., 2014). This vascular confinement is an effective strategy commonly found among plants resistant to vascular wilt pathogens such as R. solanacearum, which otherwise spread systemically once they reach the vasculature, clogging the vessels and causing irreversible damage and plant death (Potter et al ., 2011; Scortichini, 2020; Kashyap et al ., 2021;)…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Among the polymers constituting vascular coating structures, lignin is the most typically found, constituting an integral part of the secondary cell wall of the xylem vasculature. Lignin has been well studied as a common structural defense against vascular wilt pathogens (Novo et al ., 2017; Kashyap et al ., 2021). Suberin has also been reported to be deposited in vascular coatings as a defense response (Kashyap et al ., 2021), although the mechanisms regulating its synthesis, spatio-temporal dynamics and inducibility remain elusive.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In contrast, MicroCT and microscopy showed abundant Tyloses in xylem vessels of Xylella- symptomatic and Esca-symptomatic grapevines (Bortolami et al 2019; Ingel et al 2020). Although tyloses can provide an effective defense against some pathogens (Kashyap et al 2020), prolific tyloses formation in the absence of new vessel development leads to xylem disruption and water stress (Stevenson et al 2004; Sun et al 2013; Pérez-Donoso et al 2016; De Benedictis et al 2017; Ingel et al 2020). A preponderance of evidence supports a new model that tyloses, and not bacterial blockages, are responsible for Pierce’s disease symptoms in Xylella -infected grapevines (Stevenson et al 2004; Sun et al 2013; Pérez-Donoso et al 2016; De Benedictis et al 2017; Ingel et al 2020).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally vascular parenchyma cells can secrete pectic polymers that form gels that impede pathogen and sap movement (De Micco et al 2016). While tyloses and gels can prevent the systemic spread of some pathogens, they are not effective at containing all pathogens and can cause collateral damage to the host by reducing the water transport capacity of the xylem (Yadeta and Thomma 2013; Ingel et al 2020; Kashyap et al 2020). Finally, vascular pathogens often secrete cellulases and pectinases (Schwarze and Landmesser 2000; Liu et al 2005; Sun et al 2011; Gluck-Thaler et al 2020).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%