Blood and liver enzymes in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.) with emphasis on their diagnostic use: Study of CCl₄ toxicity and a case of Aeromonas infection

Abstract

The effect of one intraperitoneal injection of 1.33 ml of CCI, per kg of fish was studied. Two experimental series were performed and studied for 10 days (with diluent) and 24 h (pure CCl,) periods. LDH, GOT, GPT, GR, GDH, CPK, G-&Pase, and AlkPase were studied. The activity of all enzymes in blood increased: LDH (four times the control), GOT (two times), GPT (three times); they reached a maximal activity 12 h after injection of diluted CCI,. The levels of some enzymes were also examined in the liver. With pure CCI4, maximal enzyme activity in blood occurred earlier (6 h). A 6 to 10 times increase was observed for GOT, GPT, LDH, GR, and GDH. Histopathological observations were correlated with these enzymes studies.An Aerornonas disease characterized by the destruction of the dermis, the exposure of the muscle, and by the presence of numerous petechiae in the liver enabled us to examine the relationships between naturally induced tissue damage and enzyme levels in blood. The levels of seven blood enzymes were determined and the most significant modifications were observed for LDH and CPK which increased their concentration from 3 to 7 times respectively. A pyruvate saturation test demonstrated that LDH was probably from liver as it was observed after CCI, poisoning. The contribution of such biochemical studies in fish research is evaluated.

Energy dilution with α-cellulose in diets for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) juveniles — Effects on growth, feed intake, liver size and digestibility of nutrients

“…Low ASAT and ALAT indicate that there were no organ damage, because ASAT and ALAT normally occur in low levels in blood plasma (Racicot et al, 1975;Sandnes et al, 1988) and determination of these enzymes, in high amounts in blood plasma, is efficient in diagnosis of liver and kidney diseases in fish. Plasma glucose was within previous reported normal cod ranges (Hemre et al, 2002;Rosenlund et al, 2004).…”

“…Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine amintransferase (ALAT) normally occur in low levels in blood plasma (Racicot et al, 1975). ASAT and ALAT are non plasma organ specific enzymes, which are used as indicators for organ damage.…”

Impact of Acute Lethal and Chronic Sublethal toxicity of Phorate on Succinate Dehydrogenase activity in the Fresh Water Fish Cyprinus carpio

“…It has been reported earlier by several investigators that pesticides alter the mitochondrial structure and decrease the SDH activity in the organs of many animals [3,4,[16][17][18]. Suneetha, (2012) observed a decrease in the SDH activity in the brain, gill, kidney, liver and muscle of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita after exposing to lethal and sublethal concentrations of two pesticides, endosulfan and fenvalerate for 24 hrs and 15 days.…”

“…Therefore, by estimating enzyme activities in an organism, it can be easily identified a disturbance in metabolism. The studies related to the activities of enzymes in the presence of pollutants like pesticides in water became a routine practice in clinical medicine to diagnose certain diseases and the extent of tissue or organ damage [4].…”

Aluminum Inhibits Vitellogenin Production via Toxic Effects on Hepatocytes in the Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

“…Co., Ltd) flowing the method of Reitman-Frankel (Racicot et al, 1975). This kit consists of the necessary reagents including standard solution, reaction solution, assay solution, and 4 N NaOH solution.…”