Blood‐borne Filarial Infections:
 Wuchereria bancrofti
 ,
 Brugia malayi
 ,
 Brugia timori
 ,
 Loa loa
 ,
 Mansonella perstans
 and
 Mansonella ozzardi

Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.1002/0470842504.ch18a

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a chronic infection of Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti , is transmitted by mosquito, and causes a chronic infection. 1 , 2 The distribution of LF includes all tropical and subtropical areas. 3 , 4 LF causes the permanent malformation of several body parts and is one of the most important infectious causes of permanent limb disability worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Widjanarko¹,

Saraswati²,

Ginandjar³

2018

RMHP

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PurposeLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a chronic infection of Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti and is a mosquito-transmitted disease. Mass drug administration (MDA) needs to be done annually to control LF and requires adherence of endemic populations to take medication properly. Maintaining high coverage of MDA is a challenge because the activity needs to be done in several years. This study would like to know the compliance of the community in taking medication during MDA periods in Pekalongan district using the health belief model (HBM) approach.Patients and methodsStudy population was people living in endemic areas in Pekalongan district, Central Java Province. This was a cross-sectional study. HBM approach was used to analyze community perceived in regard to MDA. There were six of the 19 subdistrict selected as study location, and 100 subjects were selected from each sub-district. Therefore, a total of 600 subjects participated in this study. Data were collected using the structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed quantitatively using the Chi-squared test. Multivariate analysis was used for logistic regression.ResultsResults of this study showed that the mean age of subjects was 38.6 years and had been staying in their villages for more than 30 years. Gender, marital status, history of LF, history of LF in the family, and external cues to action did not relate to MDA compliance. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were factors related to the compliance of MDA. After multivariate analysis, the perceived susceptibility did not have relationship with compliance.ConclusionThis study showed HBM variables, ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier associated with the medication adherence of LF. The role of elimination officers was important to increase community knowledge about MDA program and the benefit to control LF disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Widjanarko¹,

Saraswati²,

Ginandjar³

2018

RMHP

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“…This is because the chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis such as hydroceles are initiated by activities of adult worms [63].…”

Section: Management Of Morbidity: Hydrocelementioning

confidence: 99%

Filarial hydrocele: a neglected condition of a neglected tropical disease

Otabil¹,

Tenkorang²

2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Filarial hydrocele is the most common chronic manifestation of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and poses a major public health burden to several filarial endemic countries. This review highlights the socio-economic impact of the disease, the role of the immune system in hydrocele development, current diagnostic approaches, and the control and management of filarial hydrocele. In the quest to facilitate the global effort to eliminate filarial hydrocele as a neglected tropical disease, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and development of the condition is important. In general, success has been achieved using annual treatment with ivermectin, but much remains to be done, particularly with late-stage infected individuals where surgery remains the only option. Studies have successfully demonstrated that inhibition of embryogenesis in adult female worms occurs after weeks of tetracycline treatment. Even more intriguing was the observation that the Wolbachia endosymbionts potently induce proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), which are crucial for the development of filarial hydrocele. Furthermore, reports from human studies show that doxycycline treatment significantly ameliorates filarial hydrocele and markedly reverses early-stage filarial hydrocele. However, with the enormous challenges that face LF elimination such as global funding, logistics, civil wars, and drug resistance, a more relentless and collective approach from local governments as well as other stakeholders is needed to accelerate the fight against filarial hydrocele if the goal to eliminate it by 2020 is be to achieved.

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“…While filariasis is endemic in Brazil, Haiti, Guyana and the Dominican Republic, other countries in the region suffer from this disease, which almost always goes unnoticed ( 8 ). Most cases of LF worldwide are caused by the presence of the filarial nematode called Wuchereria bancrofti , followed by the Brugia malayi and Brugia timori species ( 10 , 11 ). This parasitic vector-borne disease is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles , Aedes , Culex or Mansoni , most of them widely distributed between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer ( 10 , 12 , 13 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nationwide epidemiological and geodemographic analysis of lymphatic filariasis in Ecuador: a neglected and often forgotten disease in Ecuador

Izquierdo-Condoy,

Naranjo-Lara,

Vásconez-Gonzalez

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a neglected parasitic disease transmitted by mosquitoes and affecting the lymphatic system. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with LF during the last 11 years of available data in Ecuador.MethodsA 11-year nationwide analysis of hospital admission and in-hospital mortality based on the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC) data was conducted in Ecuador from 2011 to 2021. The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) code for filariasis (ICD: B74) was used to retrieve information on severe LF as a proxy for incidence among 221 Ecuadorian cities.ResultsA total of 26 hospital admissions and 3 deaths due to LF were registered. The highest mortality rate was found in populations over 80 years. Men accounted for 62.5% (n = 17) of total number of cases with an average incidence rate of 1.7 cases per/1,000,000, while females accounted for 34.6% (n = 9), representing 1 case per/1,000,000 woman. Cities located at lower altitude (459/1,000,000) reported higher incidence rates than those located at higher altitudes (7.4/1,000,000).ConclusionThis is the first study on LF in Ecuador. Although, Ecuador is not considered endemic for LF, we found evidence of the presence of this disease in recent years. The implementation and improvement of an adequate integrated epidemiological surveillance system will allow early identification of cases and therefore their respective treatment.

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Blood‐borne Filarial Infections: Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , Brugia timori , Loa loa , Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Filarial hydrocele: a neglected condition of a neglected tropical disease

A nationwide epidemiological and geodemographic analysis of lymphatic filariasis in Ecuador: a neglected and often forgotten disease in Ecuador

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Blood‐borne Filarial Infections: Wuchereria bancrofti , Brugia malayi , Brugia timori , Loa loa , Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis&rsquo; mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis&rsquo; mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Filarial hydrocele: a neglected condition of a neglected tropical disease

A nationwide epidemiological and geodemographic analysis of lymphatic filariasis in Ecuador: a neglected and often forgotten disease in Ecuador

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Product

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Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia