Blood‐borne viruses in the haemodialysis‐dependent population attending Top End Northern Territory facilities 2000–2009

Davies, Jane; Jabbar, Zulfikar; Gagan, Fizza; Baird, Robert W.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01603.x

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Overall, 15 studies were included, three cohort and twelve cross-sectional studies ( 19 - 33 ). A total of two studies were among adults(28, 31), eight among prisoners ( 19 , 20 , 22 - 24 , 29 , 32 , 33 ), three among PWID who attended NSPs ( 21 , 25 , 27 ), one among people who were haemodialysis patients ( 26 ) and one among people diagnosed with HCC ( 30 ). There was one study conducted in remote areas ( 28 ), two in regional ( 22 , 24 ), two in urban areas ( 21 , 31 ) and ten studies were national analyses or included multiple geographical locations ( 19 , 20 , 23 , 25 - 27 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These four studies did report the reasons why the participants refused to participate, including: being uncomfortable with needles and among Aboriginal people in prison; a fear that the blood test would be used to detect drug use. Seven studies had a sample size less than 400 ( 21 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 , 30 ), reducing the representativeness of these studies and potentially increases sampling variability when estimating the pooled prevalence of anti-HCV. There was a high degree of selection bias in nine studies as they included populations at high risk of HCV infection (Aboriginal people in prison and Aboriginal people who inject drugs) ( 19 , 20 , 22 - 25 , 29 , 32 , 33 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Graham¹,

Harrod²,

Iversen³

et al. 2016

Hepat Mon

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ContextAboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Aboriginal) account for approximately 3% of the Australian population. They have the poorest health, economic and social outcomes. Higher notification rates of hepatitis C antibodies (anti-HCV) have been reported among Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal people. The identification of Aboriginal people in national surveillance has some weaknesses, with only four of the eight jurisdictions included in national reporting. To address some of these limitations, we aim to estimate the pooled prevalence of anti-HCV among Aboriginal people in Australia.Evidence AcquisitionWe searched the databases: Pubmed, Web of Science and Informit, and the New South Wales and Northern Territory Public Health Bulletins. A study was included if it reported the number of Aboriginal people testing positive for anti-HCV and the number tested for anti-HCV. A meta-analysis by population-group was conducted if three or more studies reported a prevalence estimate. Variables included: author, year of publication, study design, study period, gender (female, male), age, population group (Aboriginal people in prison, Aboriginal people who inject drugs), number testing anti-HCV positive, number tested for anti-HCV and prevalence (%). Due to a long time period, we separated the studies estimating the prevalence anti-HCV among Aboriginal people in prison into two time periods, 1994 - 2004 and 2005 - 2012.ResultsOverall, 15 studies met our inclusion criteria. Among Aboriginal people in prison, the pooled prevalence of anti-HCV was 18.1% (95%CI: 6.6 - 29.7). The pooled prevalence among Aboriginal people in prison was 25.7% (95%CI: 4.1-47.3) in studies published between 1994 - 2004 and 14.5% (95%CI: 1.7 - 27.3) in studies published from 2005 - 2012. The pooled prevalence of anti-HCV was 58.7% (95%CI: 53.9 - 63.5) among Aboriginal people who inject drugs and 2.9% (95%CI: 0.30 - 6.1) among Aboriginal people who did not inject drugs, however there was significant heterogeneity (I2 > 90.0%, P < 0.01). There was significant selection bias in the studies as most included individuals who inject drugs.ConclusionsOur analysis shows that the overall prevalence of anti-HCV was significantly biased towards people who inject drugs; resulting in an over-estimation of anti-HCV prevalence among Aboriginal people. Our review highlights that unsafe injecting is the main transmission route for HCV infection among Aboriginal people in Australia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Graham¹,

Harrod²,

Iversen³

et al. 2016

Hepat Mon

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“…Blood borne virus infections are recognized as important hazards for patients and staff in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) units but most studies focus on hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Few studies were specifically designed to estimate the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in MHD patients [ 25 – 30 ]. These studies, conducted in the last century, revealed that, similarly to what is observed in the general population, the prevalence of HTLV-1 infection among MHD patients varies according to the geographic area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients

Santos¹,

Conceição

Martins

et al. 2017

BMC Nephrol

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BackgroundInfection with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), although asymptomatic in most cases, can lead to potentially grave consequences, such as adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis. Its prevalence varies widely across different populations and geographic regions. A population-based study in the city of Salvador, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, showed an overall prevalence of HTLV-1 seropositivity of 1.7%. Blood borne virus infections are recognized as important hazards for patients and staff in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) units but most studies focus on hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency viruses. There are scarce data about HTLV-1 infection in the MHD population. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HTLV-1 infection among MHD patients in the city of Salvador-Bahia, Brazil.MethodsWe conducted a multi-center, cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort of MHD patients enrolled from four outpatient clinics. HTLV-1 screening was performed with ELISA and positive cases were confirmed by Western Blot. Factors associated with HTLV-1 seropositivity were identified by multivariable logistic regression.Results605 patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 2.48% (15/605), which was similar to that of hepatitis B [1.98% (12/605)] and C [3.14% (19/605)] viruses in our sample. HTLV-1 seropositivity was positively associated with age [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.08], unmarried status (POR 3.65; 95% CI 1.13–11.65), and history of blood transfusion (POR 3.35; 95% CI 1.01–11.13).ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in a sample of MHD patients was similar to that of other viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C. Our data revealed that MHD patients who are older, unmarried or who have received blood transfusions are at higher risk for HTLV-1 infection.

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“…The high prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, and infections are among the major medical factors that affect listing on the transplant waiting list . Skin infections, dental infections and other infections associated with poor socioeconomic states such as scabies, tuberculosis and hepatitis B infections are common . These need to be assessed before listing as they negatively affect outcomes.…”

Section: High Prevalence Of Common Risk Factors Associated With Poor mentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal transplantation in Indigenous Australians of the Northern Territory: closing the gap

Majoni

Abeyaratne

2013

Internal Medicine Journal

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Chronic kidney disease causes high morbidity and mortality among Indigenous Australians of the Northern Territory (NT). Studies have shown chronic kidney disease rates of 4-10 times higher in indigenous than non-indigenous Australians and prevalent dialysis rates of 700-1200 per million population. For most patients with end-stage renal failure, renal transplantation provides the optimal treatment for people with end-stage renal disease. It reduces morbidity and mortality, and improves survival and quality of life. Graft and patient survival rates of over 80% at 5 years depending on the donor source (deceased vs living donor) are expected worldwide. However, this is not the case in Indigenous Australians of the NT where graft and patient survival are both around 50% at 5 years suggesting death with functioning graft as the most common cause of graft loss. It would provide the best treatment option for indigenous people most of who live in remote (18%) and very remote communities (63%). Many have to relocate from their communities to urban or regional centres for dialysis. Available options to avoid relocation include peritoneal dialysis, home haemodialysis and community health centre dialysis, but the acceptance rates for these are low, hence renal transplantation would provide the best option. There is evidence of identified barriers to renal transplantation for indigenous people of the NT. This review explores published data on why rates of renal transplantation in indigenous people of the NT are low and the reasons for poor outcomes highlighting possible areas of improvement.

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Blood‐borne viruses in the haemodialysis‐dependent population attending Top End Northern Territory facilities 2000–2009

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Hepatitis C Among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Prevalence and risk factors for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) among maintenance hemodialysis patients

Renal transplantation in Indigenous Australians of the Northern Territory: closing the gap

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