Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy, untrained subjects: effects of different exercise intensities controlled by individual anaerobic threshold

Abstract

The influence of different exercise intensities on haemostasis in healthy, untrained subjects has not been intensively studied. We investigated untrained subjects for alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis induced by two exercise intensities, precisely controlled by individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). Twenty-five healthy, untrained non-smokers (age 25 ± 3 years; relative VO(2) peak 43.1 ± 5.2 ml/kg/min) underwent exercise tests at 80% (moderate) and 100% (strenuous) of IAT for 60 min. Blood samples were taken after 30 min rest and immediately after exercise. The present results reveal that an exercise intensity at 100% IAT induces a more pronounced coagulation activity than exercises at 80% IAT. 100% IAT led to a significant higher increase in FVIII (80% IAT 85 ± 33 to 114 ± 30% vs. 100% IAT 81 ± 20 to 132 ± 29%) and TAT (80% IAT 2.5 ± 1.4 to 2.9 ± 1.0 μg/l vs. 100% IAT 2.6 ± 1.0 to 5.4 ± 4.2 μg/l). Furthermore, both exercises affected fibrinolysis, but it was significantly higher at 100% IAT (tPA activity; 80% IAT 0.44 ± 0.17 to 4.65 ± 2.67 U/ml vs. 100% IAT 0.43 ± 0.19 to 6.47 ± 3.97 U/ml). The data show that fibrinolytic activity is significantly elevated already after moderate exercise (80% IAT). After strenuous exercise (100% IAT), coagulation is more sharply enhanced together with a higher increase of fibrinolysis in comparison with 80% IAT. However, haemostasis seems to be in balance after moderate as well as after strenuous exercise intensity in healthy, untrained participants. Based on these data, exercise-induced changes of both haemostatic systems should also be tested in patients with cardiovascular diseases in order to be in a position to give recommendations for endurance training modalities in rehabilitation training.

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“…However, the increased clotting activity is maintained for a longer period of fibrinolytic activity after the end of exercise, so it is very likely to create a more favorable situation for clot formation during this period after exercise (Menzel & Hilberg 2011;Hegde, et al, 2001). It can be assumed that human body in healthy participants has all the necessary tools to prevent the uncontrolled production process of clot whether they choose aerobic or weightlifting activity.…”

Response to desmopressin in patients with mild hemophilia A caused by the F8 c.1910A>G, p.Asn637Ser mutation

“…In their study, Stoof et al [4] did not find an association between blood group and the effect of desmopressin. Absolute increases in FVIII levels were higher in patients with higher baseline FVIII levels, which suggests that it is not likely that the higher baseline FVIII levels were caused by physical or mental stress [6,7]. If this had been the case, lower increases in FVIII levels after desmopressin infusion would have been seen.…”

“…While both the plasma-and platelet-derived molecules can form a functional complex, several studies demonstrate that the two cofactor pools are physically and functionally distinct [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Despite these differences, the entire platelet-derived pool of the procofactor, FV, is endocytosed from the plasma by megakaryocytes [4,8] via a two-receptor system consisting of a specific, unknown FV receptor and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) [9], an endocytic receptor belonging to a superfamily of proteins related to the LDL receptor [10].…”

“…This binding interaction facilitates binding of another FV molecule to LRP-1, which mediates endocytosis through Ca 2+ - [9] and clathrin-dependent [8] mechanisms. Endocytosed FV is modified intracellularly to form the unique platelet-derived cofactor molecule [2][3][4][5][6][7] and trafficked to a-granules. The platelet-derived cofactor molecule plays the predominant hemostatic role at sites of vascular injury [12]; therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms regulating its endocytosis, modification and storage in a-granules will provide insight into the events leading to formation of a fibrin clot.…”

Seasonal and individual characteristics of the response of the fibrinolytic system of blood to physical exercise

“…A single muscular load usually enhances the activator component of the fibrinolytic system to varying degrees, which manifests itself, in particular, as an increase in the blood level of the tissue activator plasminogen and a decrease in the activity of the plas minogen activator inhibitor type 1 [7][8][9][10][11]. However, the overall blood fibrinolytic activity after a single or repeated exercise may change in different ways (increase, remain unchanged, or decrease) depending on the initial state, level of working capacity, fatigue, sex, age, body weight, and many other factors [12][13][14][15].…”