Blood-Feeding Behavior of Dengue-2 Virus-Infected Aedes Aegypti

Putnam, John L.; Scott, Thomas W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.225

Cited by 86 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Although some studies have demonstrated a negative effect of arbovirus infection on traits associated with vector fitness (Grimstad et al 1980;Platt et al 1997;Scott & Lorenz 1998;Lee et al 2000;Moncayo et al 2000;Mahmood et al 2004), others have failed to detect any significant impact ( Patrican & DeFoliart 1985;Berry et al 1987;Putnam & Scott 1995). When they have been investigated, factors such as initial viral dose (Cooper et al 2000;Mahmood et al 2004), virus strain (Scott & Lorenz 1998) or environmental quality (Patrican & DeFoliart 1985;Dohm et al 1991) did not significantly explain the extent of the fitness cost of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors

2009

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The traditional assumption that vector-borne pathogens should evolve towards a benign relationship with their arthropod vectors has been challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical evidence. However, in the case of arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses), although a number of investigators have reported experimental evidence for virus-induced vector mortality, others have failed to detect any significant impact. Whether this variation in the observed level of arbovirus virulence depends on biological traits or experimental design is unclear. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of studies across a range of mosquitovirus systems to show that, overall, arboviruses do reduce the survival of their mosquito vectors, but that the magnitude of the effect depends on the vector/virus taxonomic groups and the mode of virus transmission. Alphaviruses were associated with highest virulence levels in mosquitoes. Horizontal transmission (intrathoracic inoculation or oral infection) was correlated with significant virus-induced mortality, whereas a lack of adverse effect was found for Aedes mosquitoes infected transovarially by bunyaviruses-a group of viruses characterized by high natural rates of vertical transmission in their enzootic vectors. Our findings are consistent with the general prediction that vertically transmitted pathogens should be less virulent than those transmitted horizontally. We conclude that varying degrees of virulence observed among vector-virus systems probably reflect different selective pressures imposed on arboviruses that are primarily transmitted horizontally versus vertically.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors

2009

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“…This value is within the accepted broad range of 0.33 to 1 for Aedes aegypti [22,18] and 0.19 to 0.39 for Aedes albopictus [21,9]. With this value, there is no predicted outbreak in Miami due to visitors to Carnival to 50 presented by [8] and is therefore not unreasonable.…”

Section: Maxi Hmentioning

confidence: 64%

A Patch Model for the Transmission Dynamics of Zika Virus from Rio de Janeiro to Miami during Carnival and the Olympics

Oleson¹

2016

SIURO

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Since late 2015 there has been an outbreak of Zika virus disease in South and Central America. This is particularly alarming because of its connection to microcephaly in infants born to mothers who were infected while pregnant. There are two mass gatherings which happened in 2016 in Brazil: Carnival (February 6-10 2016) and the Olympics (August 5-21, 2016). These events brought large groups of foreigners to Brazil who could have been exposed to the virus and transported it back to their home country. We created a mathematical model to analyze if a group of visitors to Rio de Janeiro for either of these events would cause an outbreak in Miami, Florida when they went home. Our model shows that if conditions are assumed to be the same for the populations in Miami and Rio de Janeiro, the visitors to Carnival could cause an outbreak in Miami in October that in three months infects roughly 75% of the population. If, however, the parameters for the model are modified to reflect different lifestyles and mosquito populations in Miami, the size of the outbreak there can be reduced. The model for Rio de Janeiro suggests that by August the majority of the population will already have been infected, hence immune, and there will be a low number of mosquitoes. Therefore, our model predicts that due to reduced infection rates during the Olympics the chance of visitors bringing back the disease to Miami is very low. 435

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“…tarsalis on mouse tails (6.6 Ϯ 4.3 min [ mean Ϯ SD]) compared with the feeding times of uninfected mosquitoes (3.1 Ϯ 1.2 min) (P ϭ 0.04; MannÐWhitney U test). Previous published reports of feeding behavior of infected mosquitoes on rodent hosts have either shown no difference in blood feeding (Putnam and Scott 1995) or increased probing and feeding time by infected mosquitoes (Grimstad et al 1980, Platt et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have demonstrated no detrimental effect of arboviruses to their arthropod vectors (Patrican and DeFoliart 1985, Berry et al 1987, Dohm et al 1991, Putnam and Scott 1995, many others have shown that virus infection can cause a variety of harmful effects. Cytopathological effects of arbovirus infection have been found in mosquito midgut (Weaver et al 1988(Weaver et al , 1992Vaidyanathan and Scott 2006) and salivary gland (Mims et al 1966, Girard et al 2005 tissues.…”

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confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Infection Decreases Fecundity ofCulex tarsalisFemales

2007

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West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) persistently infects many mosquito tissues, and it has been associated with cytopathological changes in midgut muscles and salivary glands. However, the effects of WNV infection on mosquito Þtness (survival and reproduction) are not known. We conducted a life table study of individually housed female Culex tarsalis Coquillett. After an initial bloodmeal from a WNV-infected or uninfected chicken, mosquitoes were provided sucrose and offered weekly opportunities to feed on a hanging blood drop. WNV transmission status was determined by testing the remaining blood drop for virus after mosquito feeding. Dead mosquitoes and eggs were collected daily. Mosquito legs and bodies were tested for WNV, and eggs were counted and allowed to hatch. Two replicates of this experiment were performed, with a total of 62 mosquitoes that fed on a WNV-infected chicken (of which 21 became infected) and 43 mosquitoes that fed on an uninfected chicken. Fecundity of WNV-infected mosquitoes was signiÞ-cantly lower than that of uninfected mosquitoes, especially during the Þrst oviposition. WNV infection was associated with smaller egg rafts, whereas increasing wing length and WNV titer in the legs had a positive effect on egg raft size. Additionally, infected mosquitoes had lower egg hatch rates than did uninfected mosquitoes. There were no signiÞcant differences in survival between infected and uninfected mosquitoes. Blood feeding rates were higher in infected mosquitoes than in uninfected mosquitoes. A small amount of virus (average, 378; range, 5Ð5,000 plaque-forming units) was transmitted to the blood drops fed upon by infected mosquitoes. Although WNV infection negatively impacts mosquito reproduction, facets of mosquito biology that are critical to virus transmission success were either not affected (survival) or changed in such a way as to result in enhanced vectorial capacity (blood feeding).

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Blood-Feeding Behavior of Dengue-2 Virus-Infected Aedes Aegypti

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors

Mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors

A Patch Model for the Transmission Dynamics of Zika Virus from Rio de Janeiro to Miami during Carnival and the Olympics

West Nile Virus Infection Decreases Fecundity ofCulex tarsalisFemales

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