Blood feeding by the Rocky Mountain spotted fever vector, Dermacentor andersoni, induces interleukin-4 expression by cognate antigen responding CD4+ T cells

Boppana, V. D.; Thangamani, Saravanan; Alarcón-Chaidez, Francisco J.; Adler, Adam J.; Wikel, Stephen K.

doi:10.1186/1756-3305-2-47

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This component explained 47% of the variation in macroparasite burden and showed high positive loadings for all three macroparasite groups (ticks: 0.56, fleas: 0.57 and adult cestodes: 0.60). Grouping of ectoparasites and endoparasites in this way is in line with previous work that shows that both ectoparasites (Boppana, Thangamani, Adler, & Wikel, ; Boppana, Thangamani, Alarcon‐Chaidez, Adler, & Wikel, ) and endoparasites (Anthony et al., ; Harris & Gause, ) stimulate the Th2 response, which has been suggested to be a mechanism for adaptive and rapid tissue repair against parasite‐induced damage (Allen & Wynn, ). These variables have previously been identified as important predictors of Gata3 expression (Jackson et al., , ).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

A candidate tolerance gene identified in a natural population of field voles (Microtus agrestis)

et al. 2018

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The animal immune response has hitherto been viewed primarily in the context of resistance only. However, individuals can also employ a tolerance strategy to maintain good health in the face of ongoing infection. To shed light on the genetic and physiological basis of tolerance, we use a natural population of field voles, Microtus agrestis, to search for an association between the expression of the transcription factor Gata3, previously identified as a marker of tolerance in this system, and polymorphism in 84 immune and nonimmune genes. Our results show clear evidence for an association between Gata3 expression and polymorphism in the Fcer1a gene, with the explanatory power of this polymorphism being comparable to that of other nongenetic variables previously identified as important predictors of Gata3 expression. We also uncover the possible mechanism behind this association using an existing protein-protein interaction network for the mouse model rodent, Mus musculus, which we validate using our own expression network for M. agrestis. Our results suggest that the polymorphism in question may be working at the transcriptional level, leading to changes in the expression of the Th2-related genes, Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK and Tyrosine-protein kinase TXK, and hence potentially altering the strength of the Th2 response, of which Gata3 is a mediator. We believe our work has implications for both treatment and control of infectious disease. K E Y W O R D Sdisease ecology, eco-immunology, Fcer1a, Gata3, immune strategy

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 88%

A candidate tolerance gene identified in a natural population of field voles (Microtus agrestis)

et al. 2018

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“…In addition, we observed higher mRNA levels of IL‐10 in tick‐infested mice, although the difference was not statistically significant. This finding has been observed previously in studies in which concomitant increases in the Th2 cytokine IL‐10 in the spleen of C3H/HeJ mice were examined under different conditions of infection (Zeidner et al ., ; Ferreira & Silva, ; Boppana et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato saliva in the dissemination of Rickettsia conorii in C3H/HeJ mice

Milhano

Saito

Bechelli

et al. 2015

Medical Vet Entomology

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Animal models have been developed for the study of rickettsial pathogenesis. However, to understand what occurs during the natural route of rickettsial transmission via the tick bite, the role of tick saliva should be considered in these models. To address this, we analysed the role of tick saliva in the transmission of Rickettsia conorii (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in a murine host by intradermally (i.d.) inoculating two groups of susceptible C3H/HeJ mice with this Rickettsia, and infesting one group with nymphal Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks. Quantification of bacterial loads and mRNA levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10 and NF-κB was performed in C3H/HeJ lung samples by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, respectively. Lung histology was examined to evaluate the pathological manifestations of infection. No statistically significant difference in bacterial load in the lungs of mice was observed between these two groups; however, a statistically significant difference was observed in levels of IL-1β and NF-κB, both of which were higher in the group inoculated with rickettsiae but not infected with ticks. Lung histology in both groups of animals revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells. Overall, this study showed that i.d. inoculation of R. conorii caused infection in the lungs of C3H/HeJ mice and tick saliva inhibited proinflammatory effects.

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“…High expression of the transcription factor GATA‐binding factor 3 (Gata3) in mitogen‐stimulated splenocytes was found to mark both tolerant animals (amongst mature males) and resistant animals (amongst immature males) in the cross‐sectional set. Furthermore, analyses of time‐lagged associations in mature males in the longitudinal data suggested that macroparasite infections triggered Gata3 responses [as might be expected in laboratory models ], which in turn gave rise to increases in body condition. This corroborated the cross‐sectional analyses and supported a hypothesis that Gata3 activity stimulated by macroparasites is part of a complex of (tolerance) responses leading to the readjustment of body condition in mature males.…”

Section: Case Studies: Two Recent Focuses On Naturally Occurring Nonmmentioning

confidence: 78%

Immunology in wild nonmodel rodents: an ecological context for studies of health and disease

Jackson

2015

Parasite Immunology

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Transcriptomic methods are set to revolutionize the study of the immune system in naturally occurring nonmodel organisms. With this in mind, the present article focuses on ways in which the use of 'nonmodel' rodents (not the familiar laboratory species) can advance studies into the classical, but ever relevant, epidemiologic triad of immune defence, infectious disease and environment. For example, naturally occurring rodents are an interesting system in which to study the environmental stimuli that drive the development and homeostasis of the immune system and, by extension, to identify where these stimuli are altered in anthropogenic environments leading to the formation of immunopathological phenotypes. Measurement of immune expression may help define individual heterogeneity in infectious disease susceptibility and transmission and facilitate our understanding of infection dynamics and risk in the natural environment; furthermore, it may provide a means of surveillance that can filter individuals carrying previously unknown acute infections of potential ecological or zoonotic importance. Finally, the study of immunology in wild animals may reveal interactions within the immune system and between immunity and other organismal traits that are not observable under restricted laboratory conditions. Potentiating much of this is the possibility of combining gene expression profiles with analytical tools derived from ecology and systems biology to reverse engineer interaction networks between immune responses, other organismal traits and the environment (including symbiont exposures), revealing regulatory architecture. Such holistic studies promise to link ecology, epidemiology and immunology in natural systems in a unified approach that can illuminate important problems relevant to human health and animal welfare and production.

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Blood feeding by the Rocky Mountain spotted fever vector, Dermacentor andersoni, induces interleukin-4 expression by cognate antigen responding CD4+ T cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

A candidate tolerance gene identified in a natural population of field voles (Microtus agrestis)

A candidate tolerance gene identified in a natural population of field voles (Microtus agrestis)

The role of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato saliva in the dissemination of Rickettsia conorii in C3H/HeJ mice

Immunology in wild nonmodel rodents: an ecological context for studies of health and disease

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