Blood Flow and Recovery of the Cat Brain after Complete Ischemia for 1 Hour

Hossmann, K.‐A.; Lechtape-Grüter, H.

doi:10.1159/000114515

Cited by 24 publications

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“…Together with the increased metabolic needs of the peri-infarct region, the hypoperfusion contributes to the expansion of infarcted tissue beyond the boundaries of the initial perfusion deficit. 20 Structural alterations of the ischemic capillary bed have been identified that could contribute to the so-called 'no reflow phenomenon', including endothelial and astrocytic end-feet swelling. 21 In addition to structural changes, functional disturbances of the capillaries may also contribute to no reflow and secondary hypoperfusion.…”

Section: Pericyte Contribution To Cerebral Ischemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Functions of Pericytes in Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Ischemia

Fernández-Klett

Priller

2015

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Pericytes are mural cells with contractile properties. Here, we provide evidence that microvascular pericytes modulate cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activity ('functional hyperemia'). Besides their role in neurovascular coupling, pericytes are responsive to brain damage. Cerebral ischemia is associated with constrictions and death of capillary pericytes, followed by fibrotic reorganization of the ischemic tissue. The data suggest that precapillary arterioles and capillaries are major sites of hemodynamic regulation in the brain.

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Section: Pericyte Contribution To Cerebral Ischemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Functions of Pericytes in Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Ischemia

Fernández-Klett

Priller

2015

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…In fact, Spielmeyer (1925) had already noted that the vulnerable parts of the hippocampus are supplied by an unusually stretched vessel that penetrates from the fissura hippocampi into the border zone between the hip pocampus and dentate gyrus. After ischemia, cere bral vasculature undergoes a period of spasticity (Hossmann and Lechtape-Griiter, 1971;Hallen beck, 1977;Ginsberg et aI., 1978;Levy et al, 1979), and it is conceivable that because of this anatomical feature, a critical degree of postischemic hypoper fusion develops in this particular region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Blood Flow, Glucose Utilization, Regional Glucose, and ATP Content during the Maturation Period of Delayed Ischemic Injury in Gerbil Brain

Mies

Paschen

Hossmann

1990

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Coupling between local perfusion and metabolism was examined in Mongolian gerbils during the development of delayed neuronal death using a combination of double-tracer autoradiography and imaging of local energy state. Animals were anesthetized with 1.5% halothane and forebrain ischemia was produced by occluding both common carotid arteries. After 5 min of ischemia, brains were recirculated for 6 h and 1, 2, or 4 days. At the end of the experiment, regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glucose utilization (CMRglc) were determined in identical brain section with [131I]iodoantipyrine and [14C]deoxyglucose, respectively. Adjacent sections were taken for imaging of ATP and glucose using substrate-specific bioluminescence reactions. In the CA1 subfield of control animals, CBF and CMRglc amounted to 81 +/- 8 ml 100 g-1min-1 and 69 +/- 2 mumol 100 g-1min-1, respectively, and the calculated CBF/CMRglc ratio was 1.18 +/- 0.12 ml/mumol (mean +/- SD). After ischemia, the CBF/CMRglc ratio increased to 1.31 +/- 0.14, 1.43 +/- 0.16, 1.45 +/- 0.16, and 1.56 +/- 0.18 ml/mumol following 6 h and 1, 2, or 4 days recirculation, respectively. Glucose levels did not change during the 6 h to 4 day recirculation period in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. In the same region, ATP levels were unchanged during 6 h to 2 day postischemic recovery but reduced to about 70% after 4 days of recirculation. The results indicate that a mismatch of the flow--metabolism couple following transient ischemia does not appear to contribute to the postischemic maturation of delayed neuronal death in selectively vulnerable brain regions.

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“…Other studies suggest that a much longer duration is theoretically possible. In the early 1970s, Hossmann et al 40,50,51 reported that neurons can survive circulatory arrest for 20 minutes to 2 hours. Hinzen et al 52 reported that electrical activity could be stimulated in dogs' brains after 60 minutes of complete ischemia.…”

Section: Circulation and Cerebral Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Death Watch: Certifying Death Using Cardiac Criteria

DeVita

2001

Prog Transpl

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In the past, inadequate diagnostic instruments sometimes led to incorrect diagnoses of death, so careful and prolonged observation--the "death watch"--was required. Diagnostic instruments are now accurate and determining the presence or absence of circulation and cerebral function is easy in virtually all cases. Still, ambiguity and controversy in diagnosing death persists because the current criteria, irreversible cessation of cardiac or whole brain function, are ambiguous. Recent reintroduction of non-heart-beating organ donation has highlighted the controversy. Data on the ability to achieve restoration of spontaneous circulation are quite consistent, but they support several different sets of reasonable death criteria. This article concludes with a rejection of a fixed notion of "irreversibility" because it does not conform to current practice, is potentially deleterious to social events at the time of death, and the reversibility of cardiopulmonary arrest is dependent on available means of resuscitation. Finally, the time required to ensure irreversible cessation of cardiac function despite potential intervention is too broad to be clinically applicable and is unreasonable. Diagnosis of death should be based on the context in which it occurs because the medical means available determine what is irreversible.

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Blood Flow and Recovery of the Cat Brain after Complete Ischemia for 1 Hour

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Diverse Functions of Pericytes in Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Ischemia

Diverse Functions of Pericytes in Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Ischemia

Cerebral Blood Flow, Glucose Utilization, Regional Glucose, and ATP Content during the Maturation Period of Delayed Ischemic Injury in Gerbil Brain

The Death Watch: Certifying Death Using Cardiac Criteria

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