Blood Flow Changes in the Trapezius Muscle and Overlying Skin Following Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Sandberg, Margareta; Dahl, Johanna

doi:10.2522/ptj.20060178

Cited by 72 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In these studies, the stimuli were applied to the postganglionic neurons. On the other hand, the low frequency TENS, which acts more on the motor threshold (Chesterton et al, 2003) and when applied to the portion of a distal segment (postganglionic neuron) improved muscle contraction and increased peripheral vascular resistance (Miller et al, 2000;Sandberg et al, 2007), resulting in an increase of the cardiac sympathetic activity immediately after application, as demonstrated in this present study. However, this low frequency stimulation when applied to the preganglionic region reduces cardiac sympathetic activity (Sherry et al, 2001), since it does not generate contraction of the muscle of the distal segments and consequent increase of peripheral vascular resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…In this context, TENS is presented as a potential therapeutic resource able to interact in different clinical conditions, such as hypertension, in addition to its analgesic effects widely described in literature (Chesterton et al, 2002;Sbruzzi et al, 2012;Vance et al, 2014;Bi et al, 2015). This interaction of TENS with the cardiovascular system is demonstrated by vasodilation (Cramp et al, 2000;Miller, Gruben, & Morgan, 2000;Sherry et al, 2001;Vieira et al, 2012), increased blood in peripheral and coronary blood flow (Chauhan et al, 1994;Jessurun et al, 1998;Cramp et al, 2000;Miller et al, 2000;Sandberg, Sandberg, & Dahl, 2007), decreased peripheral vascular resistance (Mannheimer, Emanuelsson, & Waagstein, 1990;Sherry et al, 2001), and heart rate (Nitz, 2003). The combination of these mechanisms reduces the blood pressure demonstrated in healthy volunteers (Sherry et al, 2001;Nitz, 2003;Vieira et al, 2012) and in hypertensive patients (Kaada et al, 1991;Jacobsson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sympatho-vagal balance

Nardi¹,

Hauck²,

Franco³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Health Sci.

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ABSTRACT. This study aims to evaluate the effects of TENS at different frequencies on autonomic balance in healthy volunteers. It is a case-control study, and was composed of fourteen healthy volunteers (5 women) with 28 (3.9) years old who underwent low ) and high (100 Hz 200ms -1 ) frequency TENS. The interventions were randomized and applied for 30 minutes in the trajectory brachial nerve plexus from non-dominant member. Intensities were adjusted every 5 minutes and maintained below motor threshold. The autonomic balance was assessed before and after interventions by heart rate variability (HRV). TENS 10 Hz increased 10% sympathetic activity and decreased 10% parasympathetic activity; however, TENS 100 Hz showed opposite effects (p < 0.05). The sympatho-vagal balance increased with low frequency TENS and decreased with high frequency (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that different frequencies of TENS applied in the trajectory brachial nerve plexus modify cardiovascular autonomic responses. High frequency TENS reduces sympathetic activity and increases the parasympathetic, which favors beneficial effects on autonomic balance in healthy volunteers.Keywords: electric stimulation, autonomic nervous system, heart rate.Diferentes frequências da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea no balanço simpatovagal RESUMO. Este estudo objetiva avaliar os efeitos de diferentes frequências da TENS sobre o balanço autonômico em voluntários saudáveis. Estudo caso-controle composto de quatorze voluntários saudáveis (5 mulheres), com 28 (3,9) anos de idade que foram submetidos a baixa (10 Hz 200 ms ) frequências da TENS. As intervenções foram randomizadas e aplicadas por 30 minutos sobre a trajetória do plexo nervoso braquial do membro não dominante. As intensidades foram ajustadas a cada 5 minutos e mantidas abaixo do limiar motor. O balanço autonômico foi avaliado antes e após as intervenções pela variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). TENS a 10 Hz aumentou 10% da atividade simpática e diminui 10% a atividade parassimpática, mas a TENS a 100 Hz apresentou efeitos opostos (p < 0,05). O balanço simpato-vagal aumentou com a TENS de baixa frequência e diminuiu com a alta frequência (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que as diferentes frequências da TENS aplicadas sobre a trajetória do plexo nervoso braquial modificam as respostas autonômicas cardiovasculares. A alta frequência da TENS reduz a atividade simpática e aumenta a parassimpática, o que favorece aos efeitos benéficos sobre o balanço autonômico em voluntários saudáveis.Palavras-chave: estimulação elétrica, sistema nervoso autônomo, frequência cardíaca.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sympatho-vagal balance

Nardi¹,

Hauck²,

Franco³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Health Sci.

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“…Neuromodulation may vary depending on the duration, intensity, and area of application 16 . Previous studies have demonstrated that time of electrical stimulation seem to promote different responses, changes in local circulation 10,[17][18][19] , increase in myocardial oxygen, and reduction in oxygen demand 20 ; however, it is still unclear whether interferential current stimulation can improve blood flow during muscle metaboreflex induction. Indergand and Morgan 10 applied IES for only 10 min 10 , but in our study, the opposite results were obtained when IES was applied for 30 min, suggesting that improvement of blood-flow control might be time-dependent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferential electrical stimulation improves peripheral vasodilatation in healthy individuals

Santos¹,

Chiappa²,

Vieira³

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Phys. Ther.

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| Background: Interferential electrical stimulation (IES), which may be linked to greater penetration of deep tissue, may restore blood flow by sympathetic nervous modulation; however, studies have found no association between the frequency and duration of the application and blood flow. We hypothesized that 30 min of IES applied to the ganglion stellate region might improve blood flow redistribution. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of IES on metaboreflex activation in healthy individuals. Method: Interferential electrical stimulation or a placebo stimulus (same protocol without electrical output) was applied to the stellate ganglion region in eleven healthy subjects (age 25±1.3 years) prior to exercise. Mean blood pressure (MBP), heart rate (HR), calf blood flow (CBF) and calf vascular resistance (CVR) were measured throughout exercise protocols (submaximal static handgrip exercise) and with recovery periods with or without postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO+ and PECO -, respectively). Muscle metaboreflex control of calf vascular resistance was estimated by subtracting the area under the curve when circulation was occluded from the area under the curve from the AUC without circulatory occlusion. Results: At peak exercise, increases in mean blood pressure were attenuated by IES (p<0.05), and the effect persisted under both the PECO+ and PECO-treatments. IES promoted higher CBF and lower CVR during exercise and recovery. Likewise, IES induced a reduction in the estimated muscle metaboreflex control (placebo, 21±5 units vs. IES, 6±3, p<0.01). Conclusion: Acute application of IES prior to exercise attenuates the increase in blood pressure and vasoconstriction during exercise and metaboreflex activation in healthy subjects.

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“…It is plausible that a similar effect occurred also with magnetic stimulation. Recently, there has been an increasing number of reports on deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis by increasing venous return via electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves (4,6,19,26). Since high-frequency peripheral nerve magnetic stimulation can be performed without direct contact, it is applicable for patients immobilized with a cast.…”

Section: Changes In Peripheral Venous Blood Flow Due To Repetitive Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of high-frequency magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves: muscle hardness, venous blood flow, and motor function of upper extremity in healthy subjects

et al. 2015

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of high-frequency peripheral nerve magnetic stimulation on the upper limb function. Twenty-five healthy adults (16 men and 9 women) participated in this study. The radial nerve of the non-dominant hand was stimulated by high-frequency magnetic stimulation device. A total of 600 impulses were applied at a frequency of 20 Hz and intensity of 1.2 resting motor threshold (rMT). At three time points (before, immediately after, and 15 min after stimulation), muscle hardness of the extensor digitorum muscle on the stimulated side was measured using a mechanical tissue hardness meter and a shear wave imaging device, cephalic venous blood flow on the stimulated side was measured using an ultrasound system, and the Box and Block test (BBT) was performed. Mechanical tissue hardness results did not show any significant differences between before, immediately after, and 15 min after stimulation. Measurements via shear wave imaging showed that muscle hardness significantly decreased both immediately and 15 min after stimulation compared to before stimulation (P < 0.05). Peripheral venous blood flow and BBT score significantly increased both immediately and 15 min after stimulation compared to before stimulation (P < 0.01). High-frequency peripheral nerve magnetic stimulation can achieve effects similar to electrical stimulation in a less invasive manner, and may therefore become an important element in next-generation rehabilitation.In a pathological state in which the muscle cannot contract voluntarily due to upper motor neuron disorders such as stroke and spinal cord injury, it is possible to contract the paralyzed muscle by directly applying electrical stimulation to the lower motor neuron and its innervating muscles (21). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can be applied to such motor paralysis; specifically, using an FES system, targeted movements can be recovered by applying programmed movement stimuli to the paralyzed limb via multiple stimulation electrodes (22). Moreover, a recent report using fMRI demonstrated afferent effects in the motor cortex after FES (20), and FES is therefore anticipated for future development in the field of rehabilitation. The electrodes utilized in electrical stimulation are generally classified into surface electrodes or implanted electrodes. Some of the disadvantages of surface electrodes include: they induce pain and have risk of burn due to Joules heat caused by a concentration of current that is dependent on the non-uniform distribution of electrode contact impedance; they can only stimulate the shallow muscle layer and cannot selectively apply stimuli; and they require time for attachment and detachment (9). On

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Blood Flow Changes in the Trapezius Muscle and Overlying Skin Following Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Abstract: Muscle contractions induced by motor-level 2-Hz TENS appear to be a prerequisite for increasing blood flow in the trapezius muscle. However, high stimulation intensity may prevent increased blood flow in the overlying skin.

Cited by 72 publications

References 20 publications

<b>Different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sympatho-vagal balance

<b>Different frequencies of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sympatho-vagal balance

Interferential electrical stimulation improves peripheral vasodilatation in healthy individuals

<b>The impact of high-frequency magnetic stimulation of peripheral nerves: muscle hardness, venous blood flow, and motor function of upper extremity in healthy </b><b>subjects </b>

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