Blood flow restriction impairs the inflammatory adaptations of strength training in overweight men: a clinical randomized trial

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of high-intensity strength training (ST) or low-intensity strength training with blood flow restriction (ST-BFR) on monocyte subsets, the expression of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and CD16 on monocytes, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production of overweight men. Thirty overweight men were randomly assigned to conventional ST or ST-BFR. Both groups performed exercises of knee extension and biceps curl with equal volume (3 sessions/week) over 8 weeks, and the peripheral frequency of monocytes (CD14+CD16−, classical monocytes; CD14+CD16+, intermediate monocytes; CD14−CD16+, nonclassical monocytes), the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CCR5 and CD16 on CD14+ monocytes; and the production of TNF-α by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells were quantified. Eight weeks of ST increased the frequency of CD14+CD16− monocytes (p = 0.04) and reduced the percentage of CD14−CD16+ (p = 0.02) and the production of TNF-α by LPS-stimulated cells (p = 0.03). The MFI of CD16 on CD14+ monocytes decreased after the ST intervention (p = 0.02). No difference in monocyte subsets, CCR5 or CD16 expression, and TNF-α production were identified after ST-BFR intervention (p > 0.05). The adoption of ST promotes anti-inflammatory effects on monocyte subsets of overweight men, but this effect was lost when BFR was adopted. Novelty High-intensity strength training reduces the production of TNF-α and the peripheral frequency of CD16+ monocytes in overweight men. Blood flow restriction method blunts the strength training adaptations on monocyte subsets and pro-inflammatory TNF-α production in overweight men.

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“…The authors showed an increase in the population of intermediate monocytes only in overweight but not in obese individuals, with no changes in the percentage of monocytes expressing TLR-4. Additionally, after traditional strength training or with flow restriction (4 sets of 23 repetitions at 30 % of 1-RM), sedentary overweight in-dividuals showed beneficial effects on monocyte subtypes [86]. In this study, there was a reduction in the percentage of non-classical monocytes and expression of CD16 in CD14 + monocytes, as well as an increase in the percentage of classical monocytes only in the group that performed the traditional training.…”

Neonatal monocytes demonstrate impaired homeostatic extravasation into a microphysiological human vascular model

“…It is possible that methodological differences (e.g. gating strategy, anticoagulant, monocyte selection, staining techniques) or even unanticipated human pre-existing conditions 56,57 could account for some of these differences. The relative frequency of CD16− and CD16+ monocytes before and after plasma-free homeostatic extravasation confirmed that both adult and newborn CD16+ monocytes are preferential extravasators in our vascular model.…”

Type and Intensity as Key Variable of Exercise in Metainflammation Diseases: A Review

“…The authors showed an increase in the population of intermediate monocytes only in overweight but not in obese individuals, with no changes in the percentage of monocytes expressing TLR-4. Additionally, after traditional strength training or with flow restriction (4 sets of 23 repetitions at 30% of 1-RM), sedentary overweight individuals showed beneficial effects on monocyte subtypes 86 . In this study, there was a reduction in the percentage of non-classical monocytes and expression of CD16 in CD14 + monocytes, as well as an increase in the percentage of classical monocytes only in the group that performed the traditional training.…”

“…In this study, there was a reduction in the percentage of non-classical monocytes and expression of CD16 in CD14 + monocytes, as well as an increase in the percentage of classical monocytes only in the group that performed the traditional training. The benefits of these changes were confirmed by reduction in the production of TNF-α with or without LPS stimulation [86]. On the other hand, the phagocytosis index and production of reactive oxygen species were not altered in PBMCs of sedentary individuals after traditional strength training [87].…”