Blood Flow Turbulence Quantification of Carotid Artery With a High‐Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging

Dong, Yinghui; Shen, Hong; Song, Di; Liu, Mengmeng; Gao, Wenjing; Du, Yigang; Xu, Jinfeng; Dong, Fajin

doi:10.1002/jum.16039

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…A previous study ( 36 ) demonstrated that flows with Tur value < 1% can be considered laminar or nearly laminar flow. Another recent study ( 40 ) presented the Tur difference between common carotid artery and carotid bulb. In both two studies, it can be seen that quantification for the flow turbulence using Tur index to distinguish laminar and non-laminar flows is not a linear variation trend since for non-laminar flows Tur values range from 1 to 100%, which is much greater than the laminar flow range of 0 to 1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the differences of hemodynamics in normal common carotid, subclavian, and common femoral arteries using the vector flow technique

Song¹,

Liu²,

Dong³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of the vector flow imaging (V Flow) technique to measure peripheral arterial hemodynamic parameters, including wall shear stress (WSS) and turbulence index (Tur) in healthy adults, and compare the results in different arteries.Materials and methodsFifty-two healthy adult volunteers were recruited in this study. The maximum and mean values of WSS, and the Tur values at early-systole, mid-systole, late-systole, and early diastole for total 156 normal peripheral arteries [common carotid arteries (CCA), subclavian arteries (SCA), and common femoral arteries (CFA)] were assessed using the V Flow technique.ResultsThe mean WSS values for CCA, SCA, and CFA were (1.66 ± 0.68) Pa, (0.62 ± 0.30) Pa, and (0.56 ± 0.27) Pa, respectively. The mean Tur values for CCA, SCA, and CFA were (0.46 ± 1.09%), (20.7 ± 9.06%), and (24.63 ± 17.66%), respectively. The CCA and SCA, as well as the CCA and CFA, showed statistically significant differences in the mean WSS and the mean Tur (P < 0.01). The mean Tur values had a negative correlation with the mean WSS; the correlation coefficient between log(Tur) and WSS is −0.69 (P < 0.05).ConclusionV Flow technique is a simple, practical, and feasible quantitative imaging approach for assessing WSS and Tur in peripheral arteries. It has the potential to be a useful tool for evaluating atherosclerotic plaques in peripheral arteries. The results provide a new quantitative foundation for future investigations into diverse arterial hemodynamic parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the differences of hemodynamics in normal common carotid, subclavian, and common femoral arteries using the vector flow technique

Song¹,

Liu²,

Dong³

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…Our study confirmed the effectiveness of HiFR‐VFI in this regard with similar results to recently published studies. This indicates that HiFR‐VFI is more precise and less angle‐ and operator‐dependent for in‐vivo estimation than conventional CDFI ultrasound 20,29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that blood flow occurs in the descending systole phase in a large momentum state, and turbulent phenomena, such as vortices, are more evident 20,22 . Therefore, this study only discussed the blood flow patterns in the systole phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classification of different types of flow patterns provides a new application for HiFR‐VFI, making it possible to conduct more intuitive and qualitative analyses for clinical research and diagnosis. Compared with previous clinical studies on VFI, 17–20,29,33 the major contribution of this study is to visually define the specific flow types of different flow patterns using HiFR‐VFI by comparing it with conventional color Doppler and quantitatively validate it using the innovative parameter called the Tur‐value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several previous studies have investigated the flow turbulence quantitatively, with an animal model, 17 in carotid stenosis before and after stenting, 18 and in stenosis of superficial femoral artery, 19 there are few published studies about Tur-value of carotid bifurcation (CB) with different blood flow patterns by HiFR-VFI measurement. The difference in Tur-value between the common carotid artery (CCA) and CB and the correlation between the Tur-value and anatomical morphology were recently analyzed by Dong et al 20 In the current study, we further investigated the capability of HiFR-VFI in comparison with CDFI to visually analyze nonlaminar flow. To confirm the feasibility of HiFR-VFI in the quantitative analysis of complex flow characteristics, the Tur-value was used to further evaluate various blood flow patterns.…”

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confidence: 89%

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Precise evaluation of blood flow patterns in human carotid bifurcation based on high‐frame‐rate vector flow imaging

Hong

Dong

Song

et al. 2023

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Purpose To investigate the feasibility of high‐frame‐rate vector flow imaging (HiFR‐VFI) compared to ultrasound color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) for precisely evaluating flow characteristics in the carotid bifurcation (CB) of presumed healthy adults. Methods Forty‐three volunteers were assessed for flow characteristics and their extensions using HiFR‐VFI and CDFI in CBs. The flow patterns were classified according to the streamlines in HiFR‐VFI and quantitatively measured using an innovative turbulence index (Tur‐value). Interobserver agreement was also assessed. Results HiFR‐VFI was consistent with CDFI in detecting laminar and nonlaminar flow in 81.4% of the cases; however, in 18.6% of the cases, only HiFR‐VFI identified the nonlaminar flow. HiFR‐VFI showed a larger extension of complex flow (0.37 ± 0.26 cm2) compared to CDFI (0.22 ± 0.21 cm2; p < 0.05). The flow patterns were classified into four types: 3 type‐I (laminar flow), 35 type‐II (rotational flow), 27 type‐III (reversed flow), and 5 type‐IV (complex flow). The Tur‐value of type‐IV (50.03 ± 14.97)% is larger than type‐III (44.57 ± 8.89)%, type‐II (16.30 ± 8.16)%, and type‐I (1.48 ± 1.43)% (p < 0.05). Two radiologists demonstrated almost perfect interobserver agreement on recognizing the change of streamlines (κ = 0.81, p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient of the Tur‐value was 0.98. Conclusion HiFR‐VFI can reliably characterize complex hemodynamics with quantitative turbulence measurement and may be an auxiliary diagnostic tool for assessing atherosclerotic arterial disease.

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Subclinical systolic dysfunction and myocardial deformation: From GLS to VVI

Floria,

Tanase

2023

J of Clinical Ultrasound

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Left ventricular (LV) systolic function can be evaluated using echocardiography by ejection fraction (by LV volume in 2D and 3D methods), Tissue Doppler Imaging or myocardial strain by 2D or 3D speckle tracking echocardiography-STE, global longitudinal strain-GLS, radial strain-GRS, and circumferential strain-GCS, and associated peak strain rates (GLSr, GRSr, GCSr). Besides longitudinal myocardial deformation, radial, and circumferential myocardial deformation is important in understanding myocardial motion in the short-axis direction. In addition, there are some new derived STE methods, which are not part of the daily clinical practice. Novel techniques derived from STE have gained advantages in overcoming the disadvantages of classical deformation methods. However, Tissue Doppler Imaging was the first method used for directly measuring myocardial deformation by echocardiography. Due to the angle dependency, it is now less used, being replaced by GLS and vector velocity imaging (VVI). There is no echocardiographic technique in 2D or 3D, which is perfect, each of them having advantages and disadvantages (Figure 1). Jianwei Shi et al1 assessed the LV systolic function in patients with Parkinson's disease by LV ejection fraction, GLS, GRS, and GCS, and their associated peak strain rates. They analyzed the correlation between LV dysfunction and the severity of Parkinson's disease symptoms using the modified Hoehn-Yahr scale. This score and the Parkinson's disease duration were correlated with reduced LV systolic function. The severity of LV impairment was influenced by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and blood glucose. The authors considered that it is feasible to assess subclinical LV global systolic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease by VVI. 1 This study is very important for clinical practice because monitoring the cardiac function in patients with Parkinson disease, the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, will allow the detection of the progression of this disease.

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Blood Flow Turbulence Quantification of Carotid Artery With a High‐Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation on the differences of hemodynamics in normal common carotid, subclavian, and common femoral arteries using the vector flow technique

Investigation on the differences of hemodynamics in normal common carotid, subclavian, and common femoral arteries using the vector flow technique

Precise evaluation of blood flow patterns in human carotid bifurcation based on high‐frame‐rate vector flow imaging

Subclinical systolic dysfunction and myocardial deformation: From GLS to VVI

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