Blood-gas Exchange Devices

Voorhees, Marc E.; Brian, Ben F.

doi:10.1097/00004311-199603420-00005

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…In the case of flat sheet MBOs, such as the Cobe CML 30 (Cobe Cardiovascular, Arvada, Colorado, USA) (Voorhees and Brian 1996), the membrane surface area has been reduced to between 2.5 and 3.0 m 2 , whereas for hollow fiber designs with extraluminal blood flow such as the Cobe Optima (Medtronic Maxima, Medtronic, Anaheim, California, USA) (Ulrich 1990), the membrane surface has been reduced to between 1.7 and 2.3 m 2 .…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Commercial Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developed countries, the rate of growth of the elderly population is exceeding the growth rate of the rest of the population, and this means that in the near future cardiac surgery will be performed on older and less healthy patients, some of which may even need to undergo more than one operation (Voorhees and Brian 1996). This changing patient population as well as clinical and economic factors will demand improved MBOs.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Commercial Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes

Strathmann¹

2016

Encyclopedia of Membranes

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Quite often during the operation of a system for the treatment of gases, it is necessary to expand it for treating greater streams. In some cases, future expansion is contemplated even during the initial phase of a project. In other cases, it could be a necessity not foreseen during system design phase (Miller and Stöcker 1989; Brunetti et al. 2010).Membrane system expansion is very easy, since this only requires the addition of identical modules. This is the advantage offered by the modularity of membrane units and the reduced equipment and control systems required for operating it. In comparison, considering the other reference technologies for gas separation, PSA and absorption systems can also be expanded, but it requires additional design considerations and adds cost in the initial phase of the project.The cryogenic units cannot be expanded if it is not foreseen during the design phase. Generally they can be over-dimensioned, and a capacity increase is often obtained without modification to the cold box itself through addition of a tail gas compressor. ReferencesBrunetti A, Bernardo P, Drioli E, Barbieri G (2010) Membrane engineering progresses and potentialities in gas separations. In: Yampolskii Y, Freeman B (eds) Membrane gas separation. Wiley, New York, pp 281-312 Miller GQ, Stöcker J (1989) Selection of a hydrogen separation process NPRA annual meeting, 19-21 Mar, San Francisco Effective DiffusivityRenzo Di Felice University of Genova, Genova, ItalyEffective diffusivity is a convenient parameter which is introduced when diffusion takes place in non-homogenous media. Consider, for example, the case where a species is diffusing through porous particles, such as reactant diffusing inside a catalytic solid. In this case, the molecules have to travel for a longer distance given that the pores of the catalytic particles are not straight, and moreover diffusion takes place over a smaller area due to the solid being wall impermeable. These effects are taken into account by defining an effective diffusivity as where e is the particle void fraction and thereby takes into account the reduced flow area available and t is the tortuosity which considers the longer distance traveled by the molecules. It should be stressed, however, that more often than not, the parameter inside the parenthesis is utilized as a fitting factor derived from experimental data rather than predicting factor from the solid physical characteristics. These result in the reported tortuosity factor, for example, to assume rather wild values, as high as ten, which are difficult to justify with geometrical arguments alone. The concept of effective diffusivity is also applied for the case of species diffusing in heterogeneous media, such a polymer filled with a second, less permeable, material. Maxwell (1873) has obtained an exact expression, in the case of composite media filled with spheres, for the effective diffusivity given aswhere D is the diffusion coefficient in the primary media, D s the diffusion coefficient through the spheres, and f th...

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Section: State Of the Art Of Commercial Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of the Art Of Commercial Membrane Blood Oxygenatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes

Strathmann¹

2016

Encyclopedia of Membranes

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“…In the earliest CPB devices (bubble and sheet oxygenators), both in vitro and in vivo circuits were prepared with stainless steel and glass [18]. Polymers were rst introduced for the pragmatic rationale of creating a disposable circuit so that cleaning and re-sterilizing was not necessary [19,20] rather than for considerations of improved biocompatibility.…”

Section: The Quest For the Perfect Surface For Cpbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydrophilic surfaces, such as albumin-coated surfaces, were found to enhance biocompatibility by decreasing platelet adhesion when compared to hydrophobic surfaces [26]. The overall bene t of this property is not yet de ned as modern oxygenators with microporous membranes depend on the property of hydrophobicity to prevent in ltration of plasma or plasma water into the membrane pore structure [18].…”

Section: The Quest For the Perfect Surface For Cpbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary bypass technology transfer: musings of a cardiac surgeon

Fd¹

2002

Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition

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The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been one of the greatest technical advancements in cardiovascular medicine. With heparin anticoagulation, this device can safely replace the circulatory and gas-exchanging functions of the heart and lung, facilitating complex cardiac operations. Limitations still exist however, related to blood reactions at the biomaterial surface, such as cell activation, inflammation and low-grade thrombosis. In this brief review, the thought processes which paralleled the development of CPB biocompatible surfaces such as heparin-coating, will be explored, as well as current theories on the suspected mechanisms by which heparin-coated surfaces act as an anti-inflammatory device during CPB. Results with new surfaces for CPB designed to capitalize on superior protein adsorption properties, such as surface modifying additive (SMA) and poly (2-methoxyethylacrylate) (PMEA), will also be described. Finally, the significance of biomaterial-independent blood activation will be discussed, emphasizing the current need to develop strategies utilizing optimal biomaterials, modified surgical technique and pharmacologic therapy to minimize the systemic complications of CPB.

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“…Polymers were first introduced for the pragmatic rationale of creating disposable circuitry so that cleaning and resterilization were not necessary [21], rather than for considerations of improved biocompatibility [7]. Evidence that blood-biomaterial interactions were related to the composition of the synthetic surface of the circuit, and that these may play a significant role in humoral systemic responses to CPB, led to a scientific and industrial thrust to integrate our understanding of how these materials interface with blood [7].…”

Section: Development and Introduction Of Biomaterials To Cardiopulmonarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Currently available biomaterials for use in cardiopulmonary bypass

Belway¹,

Rubens²

2006

Expert Review of Medical Devices

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Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) represents one of the most important technical innovations in healthcare history, yet the systemic responses to CPB remain a fundamentally unresolved problem. Study of the blood-biomaterial interaction and development of biocompatible materials is intimately related to efforts to optimize patient outcome following CPB. This article reviews the design innovations in biomaterial surfaces that have been introduced into clinical practice in an attempt to ameliorate the detrimental consequences of CPB, contrasting the actual clinical improvements and patient benefits achieved against those predicted on the basis of theory and in vitro testing. Some discussion of the underlying mechanisms of action as presently understood is provided and the current limitations of biomaterial-dependent strategies to improve outcome following CPB are addressed.

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Blood-gas Exchange Devices

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes

Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes

Cardiopulmonary bypass technology transfer: musings of a cardiac surgeon

Currently available biomaterials for use in cardiopulmonary bypass

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