Blood Group Antigen Secretion and Gallstone Disease in the Salmonella typhi Chronic Carrier State

Hofmann, E; Chianale, José; Rollán, Antonio; Pereira, Jaime; Ferrecio, Catterine; Sotomayor, Viviana

doi:10.1093/infdis/167.4.993

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Two to five percent of all individuals who develop clinical or subclinical infection with S. typhi become chronic carriers35. The propensity to become a chronic carrier after acute infection increases with age and is greater in women36. Previous studies in Chile have shown that chronic S. typhi carriers had a higher frequency of the erythrocite ABH non-secretor phenotype than non-carriers, suggesting that the carrier state may be influenced by genetic predisposition and that the ABH carbohydrates secreted in the bile may interfere with S. typhi colonization in the bile tract, resulting in increased gallstone formation and increased probability of becoming chronic carriers (OR=15)35,36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that Chile has one the highest rates of gallstones and typhoid fever in the world. In Chile, during the hyperendemic period of typhoid (1976–1985), more than 90,000 people were exposed to S. typhi 36. In 1980 the estimated carrier rate was 694 per 100,000 population, with unusually high rates estimated for middle-age-women (aged 30–39, 5586 per 100,000 and aged 40–49, 4575 per 100,000)36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Chile, during the hyperendemic period of typhoid (1976–1985), more than 90,000 people were exposed to S. typhi 36. In 1980 the estimated carrier rate was 694 per 100,000 population, with unusually high rates estimated for middle-age-women (aged 30–39, 5586 per 100,000 and aged 40–49, 4575 per 100,000)36. Women in these age groups also have usually high rates of gallstones, ranging from 43% to 60%36.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1980 the estimated carrier rate was 694 per 100,000 population, with unusually high rates estimated for middle-age-women (aged 30–39, 5586 per 100,000 and aged 40–49, 4575 per 100,000)36. Women in these age groups also have usually high rates of gallstones, ranging from 43% to 60%36. The combination of high rates of chronic typhoid carriage and gallstones is likely to result in an increase in incidence of gallbladder cancer in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographic variation of gallbladder cancer mortality and risk factors in Chile: A population‐based ecologic study

Andía

Hsing

Andreotti

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Chile's gallbladder cancer rates are among the highest in the world, being the leading cause of cancer deaths among Chilean women. To provide insights into the etiology of gallbladder cancer, we conducted an ecologic study examining the geographical variation of gallbladder cancer and several putative risk factors. The relative risk of dying from gallbladder cancer between 1985 and 2003 was estimated for each of the 333 Chilean counties, using a hierarchical Poisson regression model, adjusting for age, sex and geographical location. The risk of gallbladder cancer mortality was analyzed in relation to region, poverty, Amerindian (Mapuche) population, typhoid fever and access to cholecystectomy, using logistic regression analysis. There were 27,183 gallbladder cancer deaths, with age and sex-adjusted county mortality rates ranging from 8.2 to 12.4 per 100,000 inhabitants. Rates were highest in inland and southern regions. Compared to the northerncoast, the northern-inland region had a 10-fold risk (95% of confidence interval (95% CI): 2.4-42.2) and the southern-inland region had a 26-fold risk (95% CI: 6.0-114.2). Independent of region, other risk factors for gallbladder cancer included a high Mapuche population (Odds ratio (OR):3.9, 95% CI 1.8-8.7), high typhoid fever incidence (OR:2.9, 95% CI 1.2-6.9), high poverty (OR:5.1, 95% CI 1.6-15.9), low access to cholecystectomy (OR:3.9, 95% CI 1.5-10.1), low access to hospital care (OR:14.2, 95% CI 4.2-48.7) and high urbanization (OR:8.0, 95% CI 3.4-18.7). Our results suggest that gallbladder cancer in Chile may be related to both genetic factors and poor living conditions. Future analytic studies are needed to further clarify the role of these factors in gallbladder cancer etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Geographic variation of gallbladder cancer mortality and risk factors in Chile: A population‐based ecologic study

Andía

Hsing

Andreotti

et al. 2008

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Rates of carriage range from 1% to 6%, and up to 25% of carriers have no history of typhoid fever 1,7,8 . Carriage is more common in females and in those with biliary tract abnormalities 9,10 …”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%