Blood, lead and spheres: A hindered settling equation for sedimentologists based on metadata analysis

Baas, Jaco H.; Baker, Megan L.; Buffon, Patrícia; Strachan, Lorna J.; Bostock, Helen; Hodgson, David M.; Eggenhuisen, Joris T.; Spychala, Yvonne

doi:10.1002/dep2.176

Cited by 9 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This sorting mechanism was potentially affected by particle interferences, such as collisional encounters and upward water displacement, which obstruct the free settling of grains. Although these effects are especially significant at elevated concentrations of suspended sediment (Richardson & Zaki, 1954; Thacker & Lavelle, 1977; Baas et al ., 2022), some considerations are presented here with particular focus on irregular grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The improved equation of Baas et al . (2022) is used here to evaluate the effect of hindered settling in the suspension‐cloud experiments in this study. Based on particle Reynolds numbers of sediment used in the single‐grain experiments, it is assumed that also the particles in the suspension‐cloud experiments settled in the transitional regime (10 < Re p < 500).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At sediment concentrations of 2%, 3.5% and 5%, settling velocities are reduced to, respectively, 95%, 90% and 85% of the settling velocity in clear water (eq. 5c of Baas et al ., 2022). These values demonstrate that the effects of grain‐size and shape were dominant over hindered settling in controlling settling velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fluid that is displaced upward as grains move down through the water column generates additional drag that reduces the effective settling velocity of particles, a process referred to as hindered settling (Kermack et al ., 1930; Richardson & Zaki, 1954; Baas et al ., 2022). Hindered settling is classically predicted by the equation of Richardson & Zaki (1954), which went through numerous modifications to adapt it for sediment mixtures in terms of grain size, density and shape (Masliyah, 1979; Cheng, 1997; Kumbhakar et al ., 2017; Spearman & Manning, 2017; Baas et al ., 2022). Hindered settling is enhanced as grains become more irregular, but is reduced as grain size increases (Fouda & Capes, 1977; Tomkins et al ., 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shape‐dependent settling velocity of skeletal carbonate grains: Implications for calciturbidites

Slootman

Kruijf²,

Glatz

et al. 2023

Sedimentology

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Particle transport and deposition in turbidity currents is governed by the balance between turbulent suspension and gravitational settling, with settling velocity becoming dominant during the final rain‐out phases of decelerated turbidity currents on lobes. Differential particle settling velocities play a role in the sorting of grains in turbidity currents; there is a preference of grains with higher settling velocities to be deposited first, yielding a settling‐velocity gradient in vertical and longitudinal cross‐sections through turbidite beds. If sediments contain little variation in particle shape and density (for example, siliciclastics), then settling velocity is dominantly controlled by grain size. Carbonate sediments, in contrast, are composed of non‐skeletal and skeletal grains with various growth structures, producing a wide distribution of particle shapes (from spheroidal to platy, bladed and elongated forms). The present paper aims to constrain the extent to which shape‐dependent differential settling velocities influence sorting mechanisms in carbonate turbidity currents. Experiments using natural skeletal sand were conducted to investigate the settling of carbonate grains in: (i) isolation; (ii) suspension clouds; and (iii) turbidity currents. Size, density and shape parameters, including Corey Shape Factor and Zingg diagrams, were analysed using high‐resolution micro‐computed tomography. The slower settling of non‐spheroidal shapes was quantified. In the sinking suspensions, a sorting mechanism operated through differential velocities yielding an abundance of spheroidal grains at the base and enrichment in less‐spheroidal grains towards the top of suspension deposits. This trend was also observed longitudinally in carbonate turbidity currents, for which enhanced advection lengths caused less spheroidal grains to be transported farther into the basin. The effect of particle shape becomes increasingly significant as grain size increases, in particular above medium sand. Carbonate turbidites may therefore be more poorly sorted than siliciclastic turbidites, which is expected to result in lower primary porosity in calciturbidites compared to siliciclastic turbidites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shape‐dependent settling velocity of skeletal carbonate grains: Implications for calciturbidites

Slootman

Kruijf²,

Glatz

et al. 2023

Sedimentology

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“…The empirical numerical simulation is a commonly used method for the study of gas-liquid two-phase flow in microchannels [22]. Through experiments, different flow patterns and their changes with experimental conditions can be observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on effect of gas-liquid two phase physical feature on slug flow in microchannels

Wang

2023

Front. Phys.

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At present, there are relatively few studies on the slug flow generation mode obtained by exchanging gas-liquid two-phase inlets. In this study, an experimental system combining microfluidic devices and high-speed cameras was used to study the effects of gas-liquid two-phase flow rate, liquid physical parameters, etc., On the characteristic length, generation period and other generation characteristics of slug flow, and dimensionless analysis was conducted to investigate the main factors affecting the characteristic length of gas slug. Results show that 1) when the gas flow rate affects the aeroelastic generation characteristics, the aeroelastic characteristic length increases from 443 μm when the gas flow rate increases changes to 657 μm. The generation period decreases rapidly at first and then the change amplitude slows down. The maximum value of aeroelastic generation frequency is 217 s-1; 2) when studying the effect of different liquid flow rates, increasing the liquid flow rate, the characteristic length of the gas bomb gradually decreases, and the generation period of the gas bomb gradually increases. Aeroelastic characteristic length from 770 μm changes to 378 μm. The range of aeroelastic generation cycle is 4–13.4 ms, and the maximum value of aeroelastic generation frequency is 250 s-1; 3) there is a functional relationship between the ratio of aeroelastic characteristic length to channel size L/d and dimensionless gas-liquid flow ratio Q*, Reynolds number Re, Weber number We: L/d=3.677Q*0.58/Re0.11.

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A new semi-empirical correlation for estimating settling dynamics of suspensions in viscoelastic shear-thinning fluids

Anyaoku,

Bhattacharya,

Parthasarathy

2024

Chemical Engineering Science

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Blood, lead and spheres: A hindered settling equation for sedimentologists based on metadata analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 86 publications

Shape‐dependent settling velocity of skeletal carbonate grains: Implications for calciturbidites

Shape‐dependent settling velocity of skeletal carbonate grains: Implications for calciturbidites

Study on effect of gas-liquid two phase physical feature on slug flow in microchannels

A new semi-empirical correlation for estimating settling dynamics of suspensions in viscoelastic shear-thinning fluids

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