Blood Lead Concentration and Delayed Puberty in Girls

Selevan, Sherry G.; Rice, Deborah C.; Hogan, Karen; Euling, Susan Y.; Pfahles-Hutchens, Andrea; Bethel, James

doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000083450.63367.fd

Cited by 50 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…PCBs are known to have estrogenic, anti-estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities (Bonefeld-Jorgensen et al, 2001); p,p'-DDE was reported to have antiandrogenic properties (Kelce et al, 1995); HCB was reported to affect oestradiol levels in animals (Alvarez et al, 2000;Foster et al, 1995) and to interact with hormone receptors (Li et al, 2008); cadmium was observed to be able to interact with both oestrogen and androgen receptors (Stoica et al, 2000;Martin et al, 2002); lead was reported to have xenoestrogenic activity (Martin et al, 2003) and to affect pubertal development in girls (Selevan et al, 2003); polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were reported to affect development (Choi et al, 2006) and display as well AhR as estrogen receptor-mediated activity (Hilscherova et al, 2000). We wanted to test the hypothesis that low differences in levels of internal exposure (such as these occurring in the general population in Flanders) to endocrine disrupting substances result in differences in body size parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal exposure to pollutants and body size in Flemish adolescents and adults: Associations and dose–response relationships

Dhooge

Hond

Koppen

et al. 2010

Environment International

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal exposure to pollutants and body size in Flemish adolescents and adults: Associations and dose–response relationships

Dhooge

Hond

Koppen

et al. 2010

Environment International

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“…The pollutants that were studied are known to have endocrine-disrupting properties. PCBs were reported to have estrogenic, anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic activities (Bonefeld-Jorgensen et al, 2001;Hansen, 1998); p,p 0 -DDE is known to have anti-androgenic properties (Kelce et al, 1995); hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was reported to affect oestradiol levels in animals (Alvarez et al, 2000;Foster et al, 1995); cadmium was observed to be able to interact with both estrogen and androgen receptors (Martin et al, 2002;Stoica et al, 2000); lead was reported to have xeno-estrogenic activities (Martin et al, 2003) and to affect pubertal development in girls (Selevan et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone levels and sexual development in Flemish adolescents residing in areas differing in pollution pressure

Croes

Baeyens

Bruckers

et al. 2009

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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In 2002, the Centre for Environment and Health in Flanders, Belgium started a human biomonitoring program. For 1679 adolescents, residing in nine study areas with differing pollution pressure, hormone levels and the degree of sexual maturation were measured. Possible confounding effects of lifestyle and personal characteristics were taken into account. Participants from the nine different study areas had significantly different levels of sex hormones (total and free testosterone, oestradiol, aromatase, luteinizing hormone) and the thyroid hormone free triiodothyronine, after correction for confounders. Significantly higher hormone concentrations were measured in samples from participants residing in the area around the waste incinerators, while significantly lower values were found in participants residing in the Albert Canal zone with chemical industry. Sexual maturation of boys as well as girls tended to be somewhat slower in the industrial city of Antwerp and in the Antwerp harbour compared to the other areas in Flanders. Even within the same study area, significant differences in hormone levels could be observed between sub-areas. Data on the internal exposure of the same adolescents to lead, cadmium, PCBs, p,p 0 -DDE, HCB, 1-hydroxypyrene and t,t 0 -muconic acid have already been published. The observed differences in hormone levels and in sexual maturation could however only in part be explained by the measured differences in internal exposure to pollutants, suggesting that also other pollutants and other factors that vary in function of the area of residence could play a role. Nevertheless, our results also suggest that local (environmental) factors, acting within a short distance, might influence the measured hormone levels and degree of sexual maturation.

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“…The delays were most marked among African American girls; in this group, the delays in reaching Tanner stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 associated with a lead concentration of 3 μg/dl as compared with 1 μg/dl were 3.8, 5.3, 5.8, and 2.1 months, respectively, for breast development and 4.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 2.2 months, respectively, for pubic hair development; the associated delay in age at menarche was 3.6 months. In Caucasian girls, there were non-significant delays in all pubertal measures in association with a lead concentration of 3 μg/dl (Selevan et al, 2003).…”

Section: ) Leadmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…asthma). Cross-sectional surveys simultaneously collect information on exposure and health status and may reveal associations in need of formal hypothesis testing, such as those suggesting a relation between blood lead levels and pubertal delays in girls in the United States (Selevan et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2003). Examples of other large cross-sectional studies in the United States are the National Children's Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (CDC, 2003a), the National Survey of Family Growth (NCHS, 1997), and the National Reports on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (CDC, 2003b).…”

Section: Descriptive Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PBBs, endocrine disrupting chemicals) can potentially impact precocious puberty (defined as the onset of secondary sex characteristics before eight and nine years of age in females and males, respectively) (Bates, 1998;Blanck et al, 2000). With regard to pubertal delays, authors have assessed delays in attaining specific pubertal milestones at specific chronological ages and in terms of the rate of progression between pubertal stages such as Tanner's stages (Selevan et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2003).…”

Section: Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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Blood Lead Concentration and Delayed Puberty in Girls

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Internal exposure to pollutants and body size in Flemish adolescents and adults: Associations and dose–response relationships

Internal exposure to pollutants and body size in Flemish adolescents and adults: Associations and dose–response relationships

Hormone levels and sexual development in Flemish adolescents residing in areas differing in pollution pressure

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

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