Blood Lead, Intelligence, Reading Attainment, and Behaviour in Eleven Year Old Children in Dunedin, New Zealand

Silva, Phil A.; Hughes, Pauline M.; Williams, Sheila; Faed, James M.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00687.x

Cited by 101 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Compared with the more powerful impact of social factors, such changes in behavior are likely to be of minimal clinical significance. The small amount of total variance in behavior problems explained in this and other studies 12 underscores that other, unmeasured, factors contribute more substantially to behavioral outcomes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…As is typical in studies of childhood lead exposure, blood lead was log transformed (natural log) owing to its skewed distribution. For each subscale, a regression analysis was conducted for each blood sampling time point (umbilical cord and at 6,12,18,24,30, and 36 months). In each case, sociodemographic variables (town, residence type, child's sex and ethnicity, maternal education, and sum of the 2 HOME subscales) were first entered together.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of lead exposure on behavior problems in preschool children.

Wasserman

Staghezza-Jaramillo²,

Shrout³

et al. 1998

Am J Public Health

123

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OBJECTIVES: Interpreting associations between lead exposure and child behavior problems is difficult because studies have not controlled for sociodemographic confounders or have used shed teeth to mark exposure. This study explored associations between blood lead and preschool behavior. METHODS: Children from a smelter town and a non-lead-exposed town in Yugoslavia were followed up prospectively from pregnancy through age 3. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess behavior problems in 379 3-year-olds, controlling for sociodemographic factors and difficult infant temperament. RESULTS: Multiple regression revealed the expected significant associations between checklist subscales and sociodemographic factors, which explained 7% to 18% of the variance on the subscales. Concurrent blood lead explained a significant 1% to 4% of the variance on the Destructive and Withdrawn subscales. Earlier difficult temperament explained an additional 2% to 5% of the checklist variance. Scores on the Destructive subscale were consistently associated with blood lead. As blood lead increased from 10 to 20 micrograms/dL, subscale scores increased by approximately 0.5 points. CONCLUSIONS: Lead/behavior associations are significant but small compared with the effects of social factors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lead exposure on behavior problems in preschool children.

Wasserman

Staghezza-Jaramillo²,

Shrout³

et al. 1998

Am J Public Health

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the Mexican cross-sectional study using blood as the measure of lead exposure, increased lead body burden was associated with decreased knowledgeability and socialization skills on a teacher's rating scale, as well as impaired performance on the WISC-R (36). In the Scottish cross-sectional study with blood lead as the independent variable (37), a dose-related increase on the aggressive/antisocial and hyperactive measures of the Rutter scale was observed in a group of 6-to 9-year-old children with low blood lead levels, who also exhibited a dose-related decrease in IQ (38) cross-sectional study in Dunedin, New Zealand, significant associations were found between blood lead levels and increased behavioral problems, as assessed by both teachers and parents on the Rutter Behavioral Scale, and increased scores on inattention and hyperactivity scales in the absence of changes in IQ (42). In the Boston prospective study (49), behavior was assessed by a teacher's rating scale when the children were 8 years old.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Behavioral effects of lead: commonalities between experimental and epidemiologic data.

Rice

1996

Environ Health Perspect

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“…15 Two studies examined children screened for disruptive behavior problems and found associations between elevated lead levels and behavior problems. [41][42] However, because these studies did not assess ADHD, the extent to which their findings may be applied to children with this http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/3/e43disorder is unknown. These findings suggest an association between elevated lead levels and a range of behavior problems including inattention.…”

Section: Medical and Laboratory Screening Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Research literature relating to the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-occurring conditions in children from primary care settings and the general population is reviewed as the basis of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the assessment and diagnosis of ADHD. Epidemiologic studies revealed prevalence rates generally ranging from 4% to 12% in the general population of 6 to 12 year olds. Similar or slightly lower rates of ADHD were revealed in pediatric primary care settings. Other behavioral, emotional, and learning problems significantly co-occurred with ADHD. Also reviewed were rating scales and medical tests that could be employed in evaluating ADHD. The utility of using both parent-and teacher-completed rating scales that specifically assess symptoms of ADHD in the diagnostic process was supported. Recommendations were made regarding the assessment of children with suspected ADHD in the pediatric primary care setting. Pediatrics 2001;107(3). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/107/3/e43; prevalence, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, primary care.ABBREVIATIONS. ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TRI, Technical Resources International; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; DISC, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; EEG, electroencephalogram; ERP, event-related potential.A ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has defining features of inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity. 1 It is the most frequently encountered childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder in primary care settings. Symptoms frequently co-occur with other emotional, behavioral, and learning problems, including oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities. The cause of ADHD is unknown, and multiple pathways may lead to the phenotypic expression of the disorder. 2 Public awareness of ADHD has increased, and the disorder represents a public health concern with significant effects on children's functioning across multiple areas. 2 Referrals to health care professionals for children suspected of having the disorder continue at a high rate, and changes in the health care system in the United States have placed increasing demands on primary care pediatricians to diagnose and manage the disorder. It is now recognized that ADHD is a chronic condition that will persist over the life span. 2 The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Quality Improvement Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder synthesized a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and evaluation of children with ADHD. 3 This report will highlight the empirical literature review on which this practice guideline is based. The subcommittee worked with Technical Resources International (TRI), Washington, DC, under the auspices of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, to develop an evidence base addressing questions regarding the prevalence, co-occurring conditions, and diagnostic ...

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Blood Lead, Intelligence, Reading Attainment, and Behaviour in Eleven Year Old Children in Dunedin, New Zealand

Cited by 101 publications

References 9 publications

The effect of lead exposure on behavior problems in preschool children.

The effect of lead exposure on behavior problems in preschool children.

Behavioral effects of lead: commonalities between experimental and epidemiologic data.

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

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