Blood lead level modifies the association between dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress in an urban adult population

Abstract

Oxidative stress may be affected by lead exposure as well as antioxidants, yet little is known about the interaction between dietary antioxidants and blood lead levels (BLL) on oxidative stress level. We investigated the interaction between dietary antioxidants and BLL on oxidative stress level. As part of the Biomarker Monitoring for Environmental Health conducted in Seoul and Incheon, Korea, between April and December 2005, we analysed data from 683 adults (female ¼ 47·4 %, mean age 51·4 (SD 8·4) years) who had complete measures on BLL, dietary intakes and oxidative stress marker (urinary 8-hydroxy-2 0 -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative FFQ, BLL was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and 8-OHdG by ELISA. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the influence of BLL on the association between dietary antioxidants and 8-OHdG. Geometric means of BLL and 8-OHdG concentrations were 4·1 (SD 1·5) mg/dl and 5·4 (SD 1·9) mg/g creatinine, respectively. Increases of vitamins C and E were significantly associated with the decrease of log10 8-OHdG in the adults from the lowest quartile of the BLL group (# 3·18 mg/dl, geometric mean ¼ 2·36 mg/dl) than those of the highest quartile BLL group (. 5·36 mg/dl, geometric mean ¼ 6·78 mg/dl). Regarding antioxidant-related foods, vegetables excluding kimchi showed a higher inverse relationship with 8-OHdG in the lowest quartile BLL group than the highest group. These findings suggest a rationale for lowering the BLL and increasing the intake of dietary antioxidants in the urban population in Korea.Key words: Diet: Antioxidants: Blood lead levels: Oxidative stress: Urban populations Chronic exposure to environmental chemicals, adversely affecting the health of large numbers of people, is a global problem. Among the chemicals, lead continues to pose adverse health effects because it is related to a broad range of physiological, biochemical and behavioural dysfunctions (1) .Lead induces oxidative stress to the brain, heart, kidney and reproductive organs by affecting membranes, DNA and antioxidant defence systems of cells (1) . Aside from lipid peroxidation reactions evidenced by elevations in malondialdehyde, lead appears to enhance oxidative damage to DNA as shown by an increase of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) (2 -4) . In epidemiological studies, blood lead levels (BLL) have been reported to have adverse health impacts such as oxidative stress, mortality and raised homocysteine levels (5 -7) .Oxidative stress is implicated in the aetiology of many diseases and considered as an important pathophysiological process (8,9) . Antioxidant nutrients are thought to modulate oxidative damage by influencing a balance between free radical production and antioxidant capacity (8) . A number of studies have shown that antioxidant nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin E and/or b-carotene may decrease the biomarkers of oxidative stress, although some studies indicate a harmful effect of high-d...

Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review

“…Also, the OS biomarkers, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), were positively associated with BLLs in two studies (Lee et al 2006 ;Hong et al 2013 ).…”

“…This biomarker is an oxidized form of DNA that can be quantifi ed to indicate the extent of DNA damage. Among the three studies that measured 8-OHdG, Hong et al ( 2013 ) analyzed data from Korean adults and found that the level of urinary 8-OHdG was greater in participants with higher BLLs (7.0 ± 1.9 μg/dL) compared to those with lower BLLs (2.5 ± 0.6 μg/dL). In contrast, Malekirad et al ( 2010 ) identifi ed an inverse correlation between 8-OHdG and BLLs in occupationally exposed subjects with increased BLLs (9.6 μg/dL ± 3.3), while Garçon et al ( 2007 ) did not fi nd a signifi cant association in workers with higher BLLs (38.7 μg/ dL ± 9.9).…”

Association of blood lead levels with urinary F2-8α isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine concentrations in first-grade Uruguayan children

“…On the other hand, 8-OH-dG is produced by the hydroxylation of the guanosine moiety of a nucleic acid base, and is an established marker of DNA oxidation (Valavanidis et al, 2009). The production of both isoprostane (Holt et al, 2009; Tomey et al, 2007) and 8-OH-dG (Hong et al, 2013; Sram et al, 2012; Engstrom et al, 2010) may be affected by nutrients that modulate the biological pathways for the generation of free radicals or influence the balance between free radicals and antioxidant capacity in the body. We investigated the role of two antioxidants, vitamin C and zinc, for which dietary intake information was available, on the association between BLL and urinary concentrations of isoprostane, and 8-OH-dG in first-grade children.…”

Multiple-metal exposure, diet, and oxidative stress in Uruguayan school children

“…Among workers but not controls, higher scores of the FV pattern were associated with lower OS. In Korean adults, the intakes of vitamin C and E were negatively associated with 8-OHdG concentrations, but only in those individuals who also had low BLL (Hong et al 2013). Similar patterns of findings were reported for the association between vegetable consumption and 8-OHdG (Hong et al 2013).…”

“…In Korean adults, the intakes of vitamin C and E were negatively associated with 8-OHdG concentrations, but only in those individuals who also had low BLL (Hong et al 2013). Similar patterns of findings were reported for the association between vegetable consumption and 8-OHdG (Hong et al 2013). Finally, antioxidant nutrient intake (vitamin A) and a biomarker of exposure to PAH were independently associated with urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in 3–6 y old Japanese children (Mori et al 2011), although it does not appear that effect modification was tested.…”