Blood lead levels of Korean lead workers in 2003–2011

Kim, Jihye; Kim, Eun-A; Koh, Dong-Hee; Byun, Kiwhan; Ryu, Hyang-Woo; Lee, Sang-Gil

doi:10.1186/s40557-014-0030-3

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Lead level is not the same in different countries: Poland (154.8 µg/dl), Ethiopia (40 µg/dl), Pakistan (10 -60 µg/dl), and Korea (4.35 µg/dl). This diversity may be due to the type of job, safely level, and development level of the country (37)(38)(39)(40). Studies show that the situation is worse in developing countries (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between mean BLL, mean work experience of workers, and mean age of workers; that is, as workers become older and get more experienced, lead level increases in their blood (39,40). Lack of a significant relationship in our study may be due to the minimal difference between mean work experience and the mean age of workers who participated in these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mean Blood Lead Level in Iranian Workers: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis

Azami¹,

Tardeh²,

Mansouri³

et al. 2018

Iran Red Crescent Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Exposure to lead is a global health issue. Several studies have demonstrated the harmful and irreparable effects of this heavy metal on human. Workers in lead-related industries are more exposed to lead than other people are. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the mean blood lead level (BLL) in Iranian workers through meta-analysis technique. Evidence Acquisition: The present study was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines for systematic review and meta-analysis studies. We searched national and international online databases such as Magiran, SID, Medlib, Iranmedex, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Online library Wiley, Springer, and Google Scholar using Mesh keywords up to 2017. Results:In 31 studies including 2767 Iranian workers, the mean BLL was calculated to be 43.1 µg/dl (95% CI [Confidence Interval]: 35.19 -50.83). The lowest and highest BLL was observed in the west 28.34 µg/dl (95% CI: 17.31 -39.37) and center 46.32 µg/dl (95% CI: 36.73 -55.91) of Iran, respectively. Regarding job-specific BLL, the lowest level was observed in textile industry workers (12.3 µg/dl), whereas the highest level was observed in workers in lead-zinc mines (72.6µg/dl). Mean BLL in Markazi, Khorasan Razavi, Hamedan, and Tehran provinces was 96.4, 72.2, 57, and 50.7 µg/dl, respectively. The relashenship of mean BLL in Iranian workers with year of study (P = 0.469) and mean work experience (P = 0.157) was not significant. Conclusions: Due to high levels of lead in workers' blood, it is necessary to increase frequent screening and protective activities and perform scheduled clinical and paraclinical examinations in workers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mean Blood Lead Level in Iranian Workers: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis

Azami¹,

Tardeh²,

Mansouri³

et al. 2018

Iran Red Crescent Med J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Heath, suicide attempt was linearly associated with income (p<0.1) in American adolescents [ 34 ]. The geometric means of BLL were higher in the “Manufacture of Electrical Equipment” including lead storage batteries and in the “Manufacture of Rubber and Plastic Products” including the process of manually mixing stabilizers while manufacturing Poly Vinyl Chloride products than in other divisions in Korea [ 35 ]. High lead exposure is more likely to occur in small plants where the workplace tends to be more poorly controlled compared to large plants [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Levels and Cause-Specific Mortality of Inorganic Lead-Exposed Workers in South Korea

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to identify the association of blood lead level (BLL) with mortality in inorganic lead-exposed workers of South Korea. A cohort was compiled comprising 81,067 inorganic lead exposed workers working between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004. This cohort was merged with the Korean National Statistical Office to follow-up for mortality between 2000 and 2008. After adjusting for age and other carcinogenic metal exposure, all-cause mortality (Relative risk [RR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.79), digestive disease (RR 3.23, 95% CI 1.33–7.86), and intentional self-harm (RR 2.92, 95% CI 1.07–7.81) were statistically significantly higher in males with BLL >20 μg/dl than of those with BLL ≤10μg/dl. The RR of males with BLL of 10–20 μg/dl was statistically higher than of those with BLL ≤10μg/dl in infection (RR 3.73. 95% CI, 1.06–13.06). The RRs of females with 10–20 μg/dl BLL was statistically significantly greater than those with BLL <10μg/dl in all-cause mortality (RR 1.93, 95% CI 1.16–3.20) and colon and rectal cancer (RR 13.42, 95% CI 1.21–149.4). The RRs of females with BLL 10–20 μg/dl (RR 10.45, 95% CI 1.74–62.93) and BLL ≥20 μg/dl (RR 12.68, 95% CI 1.69–147.86) was statistically significantly increased in bronchus and lung cancer. The increased suicide of males with ≥20 μg/dl BLLs, which might be caused by major depression, might be associated with higher lead exposure. Also, increased bronchus and lung cancer mortality in female workers with higher BLL might be related to lead exposure considering low smoking rate in females. The kinds of BLL-associated mortality differed by gender.

show abstract

“…In addition, these linear regression models were examined at the BLL-3 µg/dL threshold level in order to have a larger sample size for the exposed population and have more robust regression models. The 3 µg/dL threshold has been demonstrated to cause worse health outcomes in several studies [41][42][43]. The data were adjusted for age, gender, BMI, ethnicity, alcohol consumption, and smoking based on the literature [44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Disease among Individuals Exposed to Lead: A Pilot Study

Obeng-Gyasi

2020

Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic stress and cardiovascular disease risk were explored in a predominately middle-aged adult population exposed to elevated lead levels in this cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the period 2007-2010. Elevated lead exposure was defined using the epidemiological threshold of a blood lead level (BLL) > 5 μg/dL as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Allostatic load (AL), a measure of chronic stress, was operationalized using 10 clinical markers. The geometric mean values for clinical cardiovascular disease risk markers of interest (a) Gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT) (a marker of oxidative stress), and (b) non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c) (a marker of cardiovascular disease risk) were explored among lead-exposed and less lead-exposed individuals with differential chronic stress (AL) levels. Associations between AL and GGT/non-HDL-C were analyzed using linear regression models. The likelihood of increased clinical markers in lead-exposed individuals with high compared to low AL was explored using binary logistic regression models. In analyzing lead-exposed as compared to less lead-exposed populations, the geometric mean of the variables of interest showed significant elevations among lead-exposed individuals as compared to less lead-exposed individuals. Simple linear regression revealed that AL was positively associated with the variables of interest among the lead-exposed. In binary logistic regression among the lead-exposed, those with high AL, as compared to those with low AL, had significantly higher odds of having elevated non-HDL-C. This study submits that those exposed to lead with increasing AL may experience adverse cardiovascular health outcomes.

show abstract

Blood lead levels of Korean lead workers in 2003–2011

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Mean Blood Lead Level in Iranian Workers: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis

Mean Blood Lead Level in Iranian Workers: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis

Blood Lead Levels and Cause-Specific Mortality of Inorganic Lead-Exposed Workers in South Korea

Chronic Stress and Cardiovascular Disease among Individuals Exposed to Lead: A Pilot Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About