Blood lead reference values: the results of an Italian polycentric study

Apostoli, Pietro; Baj, A.; Bavazzano, P; Ganzi, A; Neri, G; Ronchi, A.; Soleo, Leonardo; Lorenzo, Luigi Di; Spinelli, P.; Valente, T.; Minoia, Claudio

doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00975-5

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…By measuring these indicators, we can determine with relative accuracy the diseases resulting from these exposures 20,21 . Biomarkers and human biomonitoring have thus emerged to develop practical methods for the direct measurement of biological and toxicological effects or responses to human exposure to xenobiotics 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent analyses were processed specifically in comparison to the characteristics of the population from which they were derived and the physical environment around the study population, thus highlighting specificities of both manmade and natural target substances 22,23 . Such information provides backing for surveillance activities based on the substances found and the characteristics of the population exposed to them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum cadmium levels in a sample of blood donors in the Western Amazon, Brazil, 2010-2011

et al. 2014

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the distribution of serum cadmium (Cd) levels in blood donors in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from 922 volunteer blood donors from 18 to 65 years of age at the Hemoacre blood center in 2010-2011. Mean serum Cd was 0.37µg/L (95%CI: 0.33-0.41). Increased serum Cd was associated with lower schooling; individuals with less than five years of schooling showed a mean Cd of 0.61µg/L (95%CI: 0.34-0.89), compared to 0.34µg/L (95%CI: 0.28-0.40) among those with more than nine years of schooling. Mean serum Cd was three times higher among smokers. Smoking showed a positive association with Cd level, with an OR of 12.36 (95%CI: 7.70-19.84). Meanwhile, serum Cd was lower among individuals that regularly drank tea, as compared to non-tea drinkers. Serum Cd levels were mostly below the reference value (88.3% of participants). Mean serum Cd in the current study indicates that in general the population studied here is not exposed to worrisome Cd levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum cadmium levels in a sample of blood donors in the Western Amazon, Brazil, 2010-2011

et al. 2014

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“…Así, la edad se asoció a incrementos en los niveles de plomo en sangre independientemente del género o de otras variables. Esta asociación fue observada en numerosos estudios llevados a cabo en Tarragona 16 , Italia 5,22,23,24 , República Checa 6 y EEUU 8 . Los niveles en sangre de plomo en los diferentes estudios han resultado más elevados en hombres que en mujeres 5,6,8,9,22--27 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Por otro lado, el incremento del coeficiente de determinación del 16,5% observado al incluir las ocupaciones sugiere que en la población de estudio la exposición laboral tiene aún un peso considerable. Al contrario que en anteriores estudios 5,6,16,22,24 , en este trabajo el consumo de tabaco no elevaba de manera significativa los niveles de PbS. Este estudio no analizó la ingesta de alcohol, aunque dicha asociación ha sido constatada para ambos géneros 5,16,22,24 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Metales pesados (Pb, Cd, Cr y Hg) en población general adulta próxima a una planta de tratamiento de residuos urbanos de Bizkaia

Oleagoitia¹,

Agirre²,

Maurolagoitia

et al. 2008

Rev. Esp. Salud Publica

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RESUMENFundamento: Entre las posibles emisiones de una planta de valorización energética de residuos sólidos urbanos (PVERSU) se encuentran los metales pesados. el objetivo del estudio es conocer los niveles en sangre y orina de metales pesados en población general de Bizkaia.Métodos: En 2006 se midió la exposición a Pb en 95 muestras de sangre y Cd, Cr y Hg en 93 muestras de orina de adultos de la población general de Bizkaia, País Vasco, obtenidas de dos áreas con alta densidad de tráfico del área metropolitana de Bilbao en la cercanía de una PVERSU que iniciaba su actividad, una tercera correspondiente a una zona urbana de Bilbao con tráfico denso y alejada del área de influencia de las posibles emisiones de la PVERSU y la cuarta alejada de la planta y con baja densidad de tráfico. De cada área se estableció como objetivo elegir a un mínimo 20 participantes, la mitad de cada sexo y, a su vez, la mitad de 20 a 44 años y la mitad de 45 a 69. Se utilizó la prueba de la χ 2 para estudiar la asociación entre variables categóricas. Como prueba de comparación de medias se utilizó la t de Student y la ANOVA para variables con dos o más categorías, respectivamente. Para ajustar factores de confusión se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple.Resultados: Las concentraciones medias fueron PbS: 2,68 µg/100ml, CdU 0,54 µg/g creatinina, CrU: 0,51 µg/g creatinina, y HgU: 0,65 µg/g creatinina.Conclusión: No se observaron diferencias entre las zonas. El análisis unifactorial y multifactorial mostró que los niveles de PbS se incrementaban con la edad y estaban asociados con el consumo de productos locales de huerta y con el trabajo en la metalurgia. La edad eleva los niveles de CdU y se observa en clases sociales altas niveles más elevados, así como en mujeres y en personas fumadoras. Los niveles de CrU eran más elevados en zonas alejadas a la PVERSU y en las clases altas. Los niveles de HgU fueron más elevados en mujeres que en hombres.Palabras clave: Metales pesados. Plomo. Cadmio. Cromo. Mercurio. Vigilancia de la población. Incineración. Background: The possible emissions from a municipal urban solid waste treatment plant (MUSWTP) include heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the levels of heavy metals in the blood and urine of the general population of Biscay. ABSTRACTMethods: The level of Pb was measured in 95 blood samples (BPb) and Cd, Cr and Hg in 93 urine samples (UCd, UCr, UHg) taken from adults in the general population of Biscay, Basque Country, in 2006. The samples were obtained in two areas with high traffic density in the metropolitan area of Bilbao close to an MUSWTP which had just commenced operation, a third area in downtown Bilbao with heavy traffic and at a distance from the area of influence of possible emissions from the MUSWTP, and a fourth area at a distance from the plant and with low traffic density. The objective was to select a minimum of 20 participants from each area, with an equal number of male and female subjects, and with half the subjects aged between 20 and 44 years...

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“…All participating subjects had been permanent residents of the studied villages for at least 10 years. Donors were selected to be non-smokers, since smoking contributes to a significant intake of heavy metals (20)(21)(22). All blood donors gave their written informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood concentration of heavy metals among environmentally exposed residents of Stara Zagora municipality (Bulgaria)

Gidikova¹,

Sandeva²,

Deliradeva³

et al. 2015

TJS

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to reveal whether people living in the villages Zmeyovo and Borilovo (where the highest rates of excessive and borderline heavy metal concentrations in plants had previously been registered) are at higher risk of combined exposure to lead, cadmium and nickel. METHODS: Blood levels of these heavy metals were studied in groups of 17 nonsmokers (9 females and 8 males) from each of the studied villages, and in a control group from a remote mountain village by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS: The mean blood levels of lead (56.48 and 19.93 μg/dL) and cadmium (3.36 and 0.95 μg/L) for Zmeyovo and Borilovo respectively were significantly higher than those in the control group. Mean nickel blood concentration was higher than controls for Zmeyovo only (2.17 μg/dL). Statistically significant correlations among blood levels of lead, cadmium and nickel were found, which suggested combined exposure. The mean concentrations of all the heavy metals studied were relatively higher than available data for the general population in Europe. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed an increased exposure to heavy metals among residents of the region. Implementation of screening programs, especially for children and young adults, is therefore advised.

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Blood lead reference values: the results of an Italian polycentric study

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Serum cadmium levels in a sample of blood donors in the Western Amazon, Brazil, 2010-2011

Serum cadmium levels in a sample of blood donors in the Western Amazon, Brazil, 2010-2011

Metales pesados (Pb, Cd, Cr y Hg) en población general adulta próxima a una planta de tratamiento de residuos urbanos de Bizkaia

Blood concentration of heavy metals among environmentally exposed residents of Stara Zagora municipality (Bulgaria)

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