Blood Lead Testing Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in Michigan

Kemper, Alex R.; Cohn, Lisa; Fant, Kathryn E.; Dombkowski, Kevin J.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.159.7.646

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Children insured by Medicaid, a government-funded health coverage program for low-income individuals and families, are typically at greater risk of lead poisoning. 20 Federal regulations mandate that Medicaid-enrolled children be tested for lead at the age of 1 and 2 years or at 3 through 5 years of age if not previously tested. 20 Percentages and GM BLLs Over Time BLL percentages equal to and greater than the CDC reference level of 5.0 µg/dL for 2006 through 2016 are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Federal regulations mandate that Medicaid-enrolled children be tested for lead at the age of 1 and 2 years or at 3 through 5 years of age if not previously tested. 20 Percentages and GM BLLs Over Time BLL percentages equal to and greater than the CDC reference level of 5.0 µg/dL for 2006 through 2016 are shown in Figure 1. From 2006 to 2016, there was a 72.9% decrease in the percentage of BLLs ≥5.0 µg/dL in children from Flint, Michigan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood Lead Levels of Children in Flint, Michigan: 2006-2016

Gomez

Borgialli

Sharman

et al. 2018

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Lead Levels of Children in Flint, Michigan: 2006-2016

Gomez

Borgialli

Sharman

et al. 2018

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Other targeting methods stress the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to create maps highlighting areas with high proportions of older homes and/or elevated BLLs 27,28 . Different studies have assessed lead exposure at the level of counties, ZIP codes, census tracts, communities, block groups, tax parcels, and neighborhoods 22,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] . Smaller geographic areas may be able to better explain BLLs because they capture a more specific area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new screening index to better target low-level lead exposure in Atlanta, Georgia

Distler

Saikawa

2020

Sci Rep

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Lead poisoning is often seen as a problem of the past. While acute cases are now rare, there is no known safe level of lead for children and blood lead levels at and below 5 μg/dL are associated with neurological deficits. Previous work has established that risk factors for lead exposure include race/ethnicity, poverty, Medicaid enrollment, housing built before 1950, and age. Efficient blood lead screening is crucial in the greater Atlanta area as pockets of poverty and old housing put some children at particularly high risk for chronic exposure to low levels of lead. Here, 20 years of data on children’s blood lead levels in Georgia were used to create maps to assess the spatial distribution of blood lead screening and blood lead levels in the Atlanta area. ZIP code tabulation area (ZCTA)-level screening rates continue to be associated with relative poverty but not with housing age, a well-established risk factor for lead exposure. Building on previous research, a priority screening index based on poverty and housing age was also created to identify specific high-risk census tracts for screening within Atlanta ZCTAs. This index shows a total of 18 highest-priority census tracts in the greater Atlanta area. Together, these 18 tracts contain 2715 children under six years old, 1.7% of all children under six years old in the entire greater Atlanta area.

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“…32 Thus, in the absence being able to perform a targeted assessment, the CDC and AAP recommend universal blood lead screening at 12 and 24 months. 33 Unfortunately, both in Vermont, and nationwide, physician compliance with recommendations and guidelines remain low, 34 prompting an evaluation of potential barriers to pediatric blood lead screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Pediatric Lead Screening: Implications From a Web-Based Survey of Vermont Pediatricians

Keeshan

Avener

Abramson

et al. 2010

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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The pernicious effects of lead on child health are well documented. The Vermont Department of Health (VDH) recommends screening all 12-and 24-month-old children for elevated blood lead levels (BLL). In 2006, only 41.4% of 24-month-old Vermont children were screened. To identify barriers preventing pediatricians from performing blood lead screening, a survey was distributed to Vermont primary care pediatricians-divided in higher and lower screening groups. Vermont pediatricians were more likely to be lower screeners if they reported negative health outcomes began at BLL > 10 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 3.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-11.99), practiced in Chittenden County (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 1.14-9.78), or disagreed with the VDH's recommendation (OR = 4.90, 95% CI = 1.66-15.50). Adjusted analysis indicated the most significant determinants of lower screening rates were male gender, a perceived dangerous BLL as >10 mg/dL and low self-reported Medicaid population. The VDH may have an opportunity to increase BLL screening emphasizing the significant health risks associated with BLL ≤ 10 mg/dL.

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Blood Lead Testing Among Medicaid-Enrolled Children in Michigan

Abstract: The rate of blood lead testing was low. Patterns suggest testing was targeted to those at highest risk, potentially leading some children with elevated blood lead levels to be missed.

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Blood Lead Levels of Children in Flint, Michigan: 2006-2016

Blood Lead Levels of Children in Flint, Michigan: 2006-2016

A new screening index to better target low-level lead exposure in Atlanta, Georgia

Barriers to Pediatric Lead Screening: Implications From a Web-Based Survey of Vermont Pediatricians

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