Blood leucocyte count in the human fetus.

Davies, Norman; Buggins, A. G. S.; Snijders, R. J. M.; Jenkins, EdmundC.; Layton, D. M.; Nicolaides, Kypros H.

doi:10.1136/adc.67.4_spec_no.399

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a particular study, the total fetal leucocyte count increased exponentially from 2.8X109/l at 18 weeks to 11.8X109/l at term along with neutrophils, but lymphocyte and monocyte counts increased linearly. 27 There were no significant changes with gestation in early myeloid cells, eosinophils, and basophils .The physiological leucopenia observed in fetuses early in the third trimester may partly explain the predisposition of premature neonates to infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Hematological profile including alkali resistant hemoglobin of neonates at birth using cord blood in relation to gestational age and maternal diseases

2016

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Background: The importance of complete hemogram along with the hematological indices in the diagnosis of neonatal health cannot be overemphasized. There is a severe paucity of relevant data regarding neonatal hematological profile in relation to gestational age and maternal diseases in this part of the country. With this perspective, the authors intended to do a pilot study to analyse the haematological profile of neonates of different gestational ages and different maternal diseases born in a teriary care hospital in Eastern India.Methods: This is a cross sectional study design based on cord blood sample of newborns and their mothers recruited from those admitted in the gynae and obstetric department in IPGME&R. The umbilical cord blood was collected from the newborn babies and then examined for different haematological parameters. The data obtained was statistically analysed.Results: While there has been a sequential rise of fetal red cell count, hemoglobin and the total white cell count neutrophils with gestational age, the mean corpuscular cell volume decreased. All these values were comprised to varying degrees in maternal diseases except for nucleated rell blood cells which conspicuously increased in neonates of diabetic mothers.Conclusions: In this study, a small attempt was made to assess the haematological profile (including alkali resistant hemoglobin) of the newborns in relation to gestational age and maternal diseases in the population attending a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Hematological profile including alkali resistant hemoglobin of neonates at birth using cord blood in relation to gestational age and maternal diseases

2016

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“…Our patient population did not include normal fetuses, but others have reported blood cell counts for fetuses evaluated for toxoplasmosis who subsequently proved to be uninfected (18,27).…”

Section: Fetalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Neutrophils and Eosinophils Express Normal Levels of L-Selectin

Smith

Tabsh

1993

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. L-selectin is a leukocyte adhesion molecule important in the initial stages of the interaction of neutrophils with endothelium during neutrophil emigration from the bloodstream. Neutrophils and eosinophils from newborn infants express significantly less L-selectin than do neutrophils and eosinophils from adults. It is not known whether I.-selectin expression on fetal granulocytes is similarly decreased. We studied fetal blood specimens obtained for a variety of clinical indications by percutaneous umbilical cord sampling at 23 to 34 wk of gestation and measured L-selectin expression by flow cytometry. Eosinophils constituted a large proportion of the granulocytes in these fetal specimens (42 & 26%, n = 8), with eosinophil counts ranging from 180 to 690/mm"mean ? SD: 350 f 220). There was no difference in L-selectin expression of unstimulated fetal and adult neutrophils (mean f S D specific fluorescence: 53.0 f 6.8 versus 56.6 2 4.3, n = 6), and no difference between unstimulated fetal and adult eosinophils (16.0 f 6.5 versus 18.7 f 3.2, n = 6). Thus, neutrophils and eosinophils from fetuses a s early a s 23 wk express L-selectin a t adult levels. Furthermore, fetal neutrophils and eosinophils shed the receptor normally in response to stimulation in vitro. We conclude that the reduction of L-selectin expression on neonatal neutrophils and eosinophils is not due to an inherent developmental limitation, but instead must be caused by changes occurring in the neonatal period. Elucidation of the etiology of these changes may aid in the development of therapeutic measures to correct the L-selectin-related defects of neonatal neutrophil adherence. (Pediatr Res 34: 253-257, 1993) Abbreviations FMLP, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine HBSS, Hanks' balanced salt solution PE, phycoerythrin L-selectin, a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules, plays a critical role in the initial rolling interaction of neutrophils with activated endothelium (1-4). The rolling interaction greatly reduces the speed of neutrophils in small venules and is a prerequisite for the P2-integrin-mediated interactions that produce firm adhesion of neutrophils and subsequently their

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“…In intrauterine life, the lymphocyte count increases linearly with pregnancy weeks [13]. At 17 weeks the lymphocyte count reaches 50% of the total at term [16]. On the other hand, the neutrophil count remains very low up to 32 weeks, but then increases exponentially, the neutrophil being the most common white blood cell at term [13].…”

Section: 2%mentioning

confidence: 90%

Phenotypic Analyses of T, B, NK and NKT Cells in a Human Fetus with D and C Alloimmune Anemia

Carvalho¹

2014

Transl Med (sunnyvale)

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Fetal hypoxygenation due to the anemia may be an important factor in stimulating the maturation processes of the immune system in the fetus, determining the switch from fetal to adult form. We performed an immunological evaluation in a fetus in the 29th week of gestation with secondary hypoxemia and RhD and C alloimmune anemia. We found normal relative values for total T, TCD4+ and TCD8+, and low levels of B memory and NK cells. NKT cells were absent. There IL-8 serum levels were higher than those of the mother. Fetal anemia was not capable of activating the humoral immune response and differentiation of memory B cells. Our data suggest that NKT cell differentiation may be related to thymus development in humans.

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Blood leucocyte count in the human fetus.

Cited by 68 publications

References 23 publications

Hematological profile including alkali resistant hemoglobin of neonates at birth using cord blood in relation to gestational age and maternal diseases

Hematological profile including alkali resistant hemoglobin of neonates at birth using cord blood in relation to gestational age and maternal diseases

Fetal Neutrophils and Eosinophils Express Normal Levels of L-Selectin

Phenotypic Analyses of T, B, NK and NKT Cells in a Human Fetus with D and C Alloimmune Anemia

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