Blood Level Studies of All-trans- and 13-cis-Retinoic Acids in Rats Using Different Formulations

Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics of All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA) in Wistar Rats After Intravenous Administration of ATRA Loaded into Tributyrin Submicron Emulsion and its Cellular Activity on Caco-2 and HepG2 Cell Lines

“…26,27 This solution was prepared fresh daily. ATRA emulsion was prepared according to the method previously reported.…”

Kinetic Study of a 2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin‐Based Formulation of all‐trans‐Retinoic Acid in Sprague‐Dawley Rats After Oral or Intravenous Administration

“…The sodium salt of ATRA for intravenous injection was prepared according to the procedure previously described 20,21 by dissolving 14 mg of ATRA in 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl-0.3% NaOH (w/v) solution. This solution was prepared fresh daily.…”

Biopharmaceutics of β-cyclodextrin derivative-based formulations of acitretin in sprague-dawley rats

“…Thus, the intrinsic pharmacokinetics of acitretin remain unknown. Adjustment of pH in the preparation of intravenous dosage forms of various drugs with limited aqueous solubility, for example, in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies of tretinoin and isotretinoin, which are the first generation retinoids, had been performed with 0.3% NaOH 23–25. However, 0.3% NaOH did not fully solubilize acitretin, a second generation retinoid (our unpublished data).…”