Blood levels of alloxan in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Mrozikiewicz, A; Kiełczewska-Mrozikiewicz, D; Łowicki, Zdzisław; Chmara, Ewa; Korzeniowska, Katarzyna; Mrozikiewicz, P.M.

doi:10.1007/bf00571958

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Alloxan also demonstrated to have a carcinogenic action in rats and fishes; furthermore, it can induce adenohypophysis cancer in mices (Suganuma et al, 1993). Mrozikiewicz et al (1994) have found elevated levels of Alloxan in the blood of diabetic children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, correlated to the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Mrozikiewicz et al, 1994). Alloxan is a minor product of the proteins oxidation, so, it may be produced during the bleaching processes of the alimentary flour for dough and colour improvement, becoming possible toxicant (Banu Shakila and Sasikala, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on the presence of Alloxan in bleached flour by LC-MS/MS method

Giaccone

Cammilleri

Stefano

et al. 2017

Journal of Cereal Science

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In this work the presence of Alloxan in bread, pastry and cake bleached flour was investigate in order to verify possible risk for consumers related to the use of chemicals for flour bleaching. A selective UHPLC–MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the purpose. Alloxan is one of the possible minor side products of oxidation after chemical bleaching of wheat flours, when several chemical agents are used. One hundred and seventy-five flour samples were analyzed for Alloxan determination. The validation of the method was performed in accordance with the ISO/IEC/EN 17025 for linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, accuracy, precision and ruggedness determination. Satisfactory performances were obtained for the analyte, with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.73 mg kg−1, a Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 0.85 mg kg−1 and recovery values between 94% and 102%. The present work report for the first time the presence of trace levels of Alloxan in 24% of the analyzed samples, with mean values of 0,95 ± 0,04 mg kg−1. The presence of Alloxan was detected only in cake flour samples. Further studies on toxicological levels of Alloxan are needed in order to evaluate possible risks for consumers linked to the consumption of bakery products

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report on the presence of Alloxan in bleached flour by LC-MS/MS method

Giaccone

Cammilleri

Stefano

et al. 2017

Journal of Cereal Science

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show abstract

“…Like streptozotocin, alloxan is preferentially transported via GLUT2 transporters, predominantly expressed by pancreatic β-cells. However, unlike streptozotocin, alloxan is an endogenous molecule produced during uric acid metabolism and is reported to be elevated in the circulation of children with T1D [19], supporting its potential role in the…”

Section: Alloxan-induced Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rodent Models of Diabetes

Metz¹,

Hudson²,

Pavlov³

2016

Principles of Diabetes Mellitus

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Currently, diabetes affects approximately 29 million Americans (http://www.cdc.gov/dia betes/basics/index.html) and 380 million people worldwide (IDF Diabetes Atlas: www.idf. org/diabetesatlas). The significant progress in understanding diabetes and its clinical management is, in part, the result of research using rodent models of diabetes. Parallels between humans and rodents make these diabetes models practical tools for studying the characteristic features of diabetes and preclinical evaluation of potential treatments. This chapter describes major rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and highlights some of the latest developments based on selective genetic modifications in rodents. While these models allow providing further mechanistic insight into disease pathogenesis and testing novel diagnostic and treatment approaches, the strengths and limitations of each model should be considered when designing experiments and interpreting results.

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“…AL enters into the human body on consuming these bakery products made out of bleached flour and becomes a target of AL-induced diabetes. The expected amount of AL limit in the human blood is 1.5 μg/mL 9 but with the increase in AL content, it leads to AL-diabetes, which in turn causes weight loss, polyuria, ketonuria, and polydipsia. 9 , 10 Hence, it is imperative to develop a sensitive, efficient, simple, and cost-effective technique for the determination of AL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Sensitive and Selective Voltammetric Sensor Based on a Cationic Surfactant-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Alloxan

2020

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Alloxan (AL) is a toxic glucose analogue that acts as a potent diabetogenic inducer by selectively destroying the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. Hence, a sensitive and selective cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-immobilized carbon paste electrode was utilized for the analysis of AL in the existence of anthrone. The CTAB-modified carbon paste electrode in contrast with the bare carbon paste electrode showed a magnificent behavior for the electrocatalytic oxidation of AL by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. CV studies reveal a quasi-reversible diffusion-controlled process in the potential window of −0.5 to 0.4 V at an optimum pH of 6.5 in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution. The electrode materials were characterized by CV, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Under optimized experimental conditions, low detection limits of 1.09 and 3.64 μM were obtained in a linear dynamic range of 5–80 μM and from 8 to 90 μM by DPV and CV methods, respectively. The performance of the modified electrode is impressive in terms of least charge transfer resistance ( R ct ), surface concentration (Γ), and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant ( k 0 ). A 50-fold excess concentration of other potential interferants such as food additives and other organic species present in the human body does not significantly alter the peak potential and peak current of AL. The analytical application of the modified sensor was appraised by determining AL in the spiked refined flour sample. The modified sensor with a swift fabrication procedure exhibited enduring stability, adequate reproducibility, and acceptable repeatability.

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Blood levels of alloxan in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

First report on the presence of Alloxan in bleached flour by LC-MS/MS method

First report on the presence of Alloxan in bleached flour by LC-MS/MS method

Rodent Models of Diabetes

Design of a Sensitive and Selective Voltammetric Sensor Based on a Cationic Surfactant-Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Alloxan

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