Blood Levels of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Residents of Tehran

Farzin, Leila; Amiri, Mojtaba; Shams, Hadi; Faghih, Mohammad Amin Ahmadi; Moassesi, Mohammad Esmail

doi:10.1007/s12011-008-8106-y

Cited by 62 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The bCd amount in residents of Tehran recorded 1.88 ± 0.73 for male and 1.72 ± 0.78 for female (Farzin, Amiri et al 2008). These results were similar to two studies that have been conducted in Japan (Watanabe et al 1993;Shimbo et al 2000).…”

Section: Biomonitoring Of Cadmium In General Populationsupporting

confidence: 88%

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What do we know about exposure of Iranians to cadmium? Findings from a systematic review

Ghoochani

Rastkari

Yunesian

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Cadmium is an important environmental contaminant. High consumption of chemical fertilizers and industrial activities in recent decades has caused people to be worried about exposure to cadmium. There is no policy for environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to cadmium in the general population in Iran. This study was aimed to review cadmium content in consuming foods and biological samples in Iran, systematically. We developed a comprehensive search strategy and used it to search on Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Scientific Information Database until 28 December 2016. The totals of 285 articles were identified and finally 31 original papers were selected. Cadmium contamination was found in Iranian food groups such as rice, cereal and legumes, canned tuna fish, vegetables, fruit juice, and egg. This study showed that cadmium amount in 75% of the consumed rice samples (domestic and imported) was higher than the maximum limits approved by institute of standards and industrial research of Iran. Lettuce samples in Yazd were recorded the highest concentration of cadmium compared to other studies. In addition, high amount of cadmium was observed in the blood of the general population. Regarding the cadmium contamination in food and blood samples in Iran, policies must be adopted to reduce exposure to cadmium through different matrices as much as possible.

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Section: Biomonitoring Of Cadmium In General Populationsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The urinary (uCd) and whole blood (bCd) cadmium concentration are good indicators of chronic and recent exposures, respectively. The half-life of cadmium in blood is estimated to be 2-3 months (Farzin et al 2008;Ilmiawati et al 2015). Cadmium is primarily toxic for the kidney and increases the risk of cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What do we know about exposure of Iranians to cadmium? Findings from a systematic review

Ghoochani

Rastkari

Yunesian

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Mercury (Hg) as an ever-present potential toxic metal is a considerable potential hazard to the environment and on human health (Sun et al 2013;Farzin et al 2008;Fu et al 2012). Mercury in dust collected from the streets can easily enter the human body and bloodstream during inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion (Wei et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution and human health risk assessment of mercury in street dust resulting from various land-use in Ahvaz, Iran

Nazarpour

Ghanavati

Watts

2017

Environ Geochem Health

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Mercury as a toxic element and its associated health hazard has been an important topic of research for urban pollution for many years. In this paper, the spatial distribution, pollution assessment, and health risk associated with Hg in roadside dust 96 street dust samples, representing differing land uses have been investigated. Land uses included residential areas (RA), industrial areas (IA), public gardens (PG), roadside areas (RS) and suburban areas (SA) in the city of Ahvaz, Iran were investigated. Compared with other cities, the concentration of Hg in Ahvaz was considerably higher with a mean value of 2.53 mg.kg . Residential areas exhibited higher Hg in street dust than other areas, as demonstrated by spatial mapping illustrating hot-spots associated with old urban areas with high residential density, high volume traffic of roadside areas, and industrial districts: including oil-drilling activities, steel smelting related industries, and small industrial towns around Ahvaz. However, Hg concentrations in street dust near to the public gardens (PG) and suburban areas (SA) were not at elevated levels compared other land uses investigated in this study. A health risk assessment model of non-carcinogenic effects was evaluated for both children and adults. The HQ values also revealed that the main exposures route for children and adults decreased as follows: vapour>ingestion> dermal contact> inhalation. The Hazard Index (HI) in each area is less than the safe level (HI≤1) for children and adults, but higher for children. The HI value decrease as the following order: RS>IA>RA>SA>PG, which indicates potentially serious health hazards for children in the study areas.

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“…Younger persons and fasting individuals tend to absorb higher amounts of Pb ingested or inhaled. Half-life of Pb in blood and soft tissues is about 28 to 36 days (Farzin et al, 2008). Cd excretion is very slow and thus having very long half-life (decades) once in the body (WHO/FAO, 2011;Edwards et al, 2009).…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the levels of cadmium and lead in soil and vegetable samples from selected dumpsites in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

Twumasi¹,

Tandoh²,

Borbi³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Many dumpsites in the urban communities in Ghana are used for cultivation of crops, especially vegetables. However, these dumpsites may serve as potential sources of soil heavy metals that could enter the food chain mainly through cultivated food crops with serious consequences on human health. This study investigated the levels of two heavy metals, lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), in the soil and tissues of vegetables grown on such dumpsites. Soil and tissue (lettuce, cabbage, spring onion, tomato and the leaves of Xanthosoma sagitifolium) samples were collected from ten locations with two of these locations used as control. The samples were acid-digested and the metal concentrations determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Pb and Cd contents of soils from all the eight dumpsites and one of the control locations were above the guidelines recommended by FAO and WHO. The highest Cd level in the soil (13.6 mgkg -1 of Cd) was found at Aketego dumpsite and the highest soil Pb (36.1 mgkg -1 Pb) was recorded at Meduma dumpsite. The leafy vegetables, cabbage, lettuce and X. sagitifolium (locally called 'kontomire') recorded relatively higher amounts of Pb and Cd in the edible parts. Further studies are required to determine how much of the daily diet these vegetables contribute to the total diets of the population and special attention to calculating the overall daily doses of Cd and Pb to pregnant mothers and children <5 years of age is thus warranted.

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Blood Levels of Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Residents of Tehran

Cited by 62 publications

References 21 publications

What do we know about exposure of Iranians to cadmium? Findings from a systematic review

What do we know about exposure of Iranians to cadmium? Findings from a systematic review

Spatial distribution and human health risk assessment of mercury in street dust resulting from various land-use in Ahvaz, Iran

Assessment of the levels of cadmium and lead in soil and vegetable samples from selected dumpsites in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana

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