Blood metabolite profiles linking dietary patterns with health—Toward precision nutrition

Abstract

Diet is one of the most important exposures that may affect health throughout life span. Investigations on dietary patterns rather than single food components are gaining in popularity because they take the complexity of the whole dietary context into account. Adherence to such dietary patterns can be measured by using metabolomics, which allows measurements of thousands of molecules simultaneously. Derived metabolite signatures of dietary patterns may reflect the consumption of specific groups of foods or their constituents originating from the dietary pattern per se, or the physiological response toward the food-derived metabolites, their interaction with endogenous metabolism, and exogenous factors such as gut microbiota. Here, we review and discuss blood metabolite fingerprints of healthy dietary patterns. The plasma concentration of several foodderived metabolites-such as betaines from whole grains and n − 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and furan fatty acids from fish-seems to consistently reflect the intake of common foods of several healthy dietary patterns. The metabolites reflecting shared features of different healthy food indices form biomarker panels for which specific, targeted assays could be developed. The specificity of such biomarker panels would need to be validated, and proof-of-concept feeding trials are needed to evaluate to what extent the panels may mediate the effects of dietary patterns on disease risk indicators or if they are merely food intake biomarkers. Metabolites mediating health effects may represent novel targets for precision prevention strategies of clinical relevance to be verified in future studies.

A Western Dietary Pattern during Pregnancy is Associated with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence

“…Our study adds to existing literature by demonstrating a possible time-dependency effect of an Unhealthy dietary pattern on child neurodevelopmental outcomes, using both maternal and child self-reported dietary intakes, and objective metabolome-derived modelling. Many studies have found strong dietary signatures in the metabolome, suggesting this may be a promising avenue for personalised nutrition and targeted therapeutic strategies (28).…”

Lactobacillus from fermented bamboo shoots prevents inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mice via modulating gut microbiome and serum metabolites

“…Approximately 46% of the blood metabolites are related to the intestinal microbiome [75]. For the third viewpoint: (ⅲ) Lactobacillus can regulate the activity of the immune system, reduce inflammation, and promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, which can have an impact on the metabolites in the blood [49,[76][77][78]. As the beta-diversity analysis showed, there were significant differences between the groups of CON, L. pentosus YQ001 and L.…”

Plasma metabolite profiles associated with the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research lifestyle score and future risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

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