Blood oxygen transport, rheology and haematological responses to confinement stress in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Sadler, J; Wells, R. M. G.; Pankhurst, Patricia M.; Pankhurst, Neville William

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00321-x

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The erythrocyte number decreased at 15 minutes of air exposure, and the values were not affected by vitamin C. Similarly, vitamin C did not change the hemoglobin. These results are similar to verified by Tort et al (1996) and Sadler et al (2000) in seabream (Sparus aurata) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) submitted to crowding stress since no changes either in hematocrit or in hemoglobin were observed in these species.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…The hyperglycemia reported in several teleosts during stress is primarily mediated by catecholamines and lately by cortisol (Wendelaar Bonga, 1997). Increase in blood glucose and cortisol is reported in several studies (Benfey & Biron, 2000;Sadler et al, 2000;Urbinati et al, 2004) and, similarly to the cortisol response, excepting for T100 fish, vitamin C did not interfere in the blood glucose response of fish in this study. However, the glucose values found after air exposure were more elevated than the pre-stress values described by Urbinati et al (2004) (44 mg.dl -1 ) in juveniles and by Carneiro & Urbinati (2002) (40mg.dl -1 ) in adults of the same species.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

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Physiological responses of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fed different levels of vitamin C and submitted to air exposure

Abreu

Urbinati

2006

Acta Amaz.

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The role of vitamin C on physiological responses of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) submitted to air exposure was analyzed. Nine hundred fish (70.15 g) were distributed in fifteen 500 l boxes (60 fish.box -1 ) and fed five rations (treatments): Control (no vitamin C); T100 (100 mg); T200 (200 mg); T400 (400 mg) and T800 (800 mg of vitamin C kg.ration -1 ). Each ration was offered to fish of three boxes during 60 days before the stress challenge that consisted of exposing fish to air for two minutes. Samplings were carried out for 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the air exposure. Blood was collected for glucose, cortisol, total protein, sodium, chloride, hematocrit, hemoglobin determination, and white and red cell count. Liver was removed for hepatosomatic index (HSI) calculation and glycogen determination. Vitamin C did not affect the levels of cortisol, chloride, total protein, hemoglobin, leukocytes, hepatic glycogen or HSI in air exposed fish. Blood glucose levels elevation observed 60 minutes after the challenge did not depend on the levels of vitamin C, nor did the drop in serum sodium levels verified 60 minutes after stressor. In general, hematocrit did not change by effect of vitamin C but it was lower at 15 and 30 minutes after the challenge. The number of erythrocytes decreased in fish after 5 minute sampling in all treatments, especially at 30 and 60 minutes. The air exposure evoked alterations in stress indicators of matrinxã, and the vitamin C did not alter the responses. KEY WORDSBrycon amazonicus, capture, stress, ascorbyl -polyphosphate. de glicose, cortisol, proteína total, sódio, cloreto, hematócrito, hemoglobina, contagem Respostas fisiológicas de matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) arraçoados com diferentes níveis de vitamina C e submetidos à exposição aérea RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou a participação da vitamina C nos indicadoras de estresse no matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus), durante exposição aérea. Novecentos peixes (70,15g) foram distribuídos em caixas de cimento (500 l) e alimentados com os tratamentos: Controle (sem vitamina C); T100 (100 mg); T200 (200 mg); T400 (400 mg); T800 (800 mg de vitamina C kg.ração -1 ). Cada ração foi fornecida a peixes de três caixas por 60 dias antes da aplicação do estressor, que consistiu em suspender os peixes mantendo-os no ar por dois minutos. Cinco, 15, 30 e 60 minutos depois, os peixes anestesiados foram amostrados. Foi coletado sangue para determinação PALAVRAS -CHAVEBrycon amazonicus, captura, estresse, ascorbil polifosfato.

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supporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 86%

Physiological responses of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fed different levels of vitamin C and submitted to air exposure

Abreu

Urbinati

2006

Acta Amaz.

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“…It is well known that the increase in cellular DNA content resulting from polyploidization causes an enlargement in nuclear and cellular size but a reduction in the cell number in some organs. In the case of induced triploidy, these alterations should affect on the biological and physiological characteristics causing effects such as deterioration of growth (Solar et al, 1984;Benfey and Sutterlin, 1984), slow response to food (Aliah et al, 1990) and reductions of the cell number in each organ (Swarup, 1959;Aliah et al, 1990), erythrocyte number (Sezaki et al, 1983), circulating blood cell concentration (Sadler et al, 2000), the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood (Benfey and Sutterlin, 1984;Graham et al, 1985), oxygen carrying capacity (Graham et al, 1985;Sadler et al, 2000) and cellular metabolism (Szarski, 1976;Virtanen et al, 1990). Moreover, higher oxygen consumption and higher gill irrigation rate were observed after exhaustive exercise in induced triploids (Kobayashi et al, 1995).…”

Section: Mortality Due To Tetraploidymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drastic mortality in tetraploid induction results from the elevation of ploidy in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

et al. 2006

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Although tetraploidy is considered to be important and useful for the production of sterile triploids and fertile allotetraploids in aquaculture, in most cases the resultant embryos exhibit extremely low survival. In this study, we aimed to clarify the cause of the inviability of tetraploids in masu salmon. Firstly, we compared developmental rates of the first cell cycle among 9 single pairs produced by all possible matings between 3 females and 3 males. The results showed that the fertilized eggs developed almost synchronized among individuals from each pair but asynchronous among pairs and this asynchronous development was more apparent among pairs from different female than those from different male. Secondly, we induced both tetraploidy (4N) and gynogenetic diploidy (G2N) , 7 min duration) for the first cleavage inhibition using single-pair mating. This experiment was designed to verify whether the cause of mortality of induced tetraploidy was the elevated ploidy itself. Eggs from one female were divided into 2 groups and fertilized with normal or UV-irradiated sperm from one male, respectively. Then each group of eggs was subdivided into 6 groups: one was an intact control and the other 5 groups were treated with PS at every 30 min from 5 to 7 hpf at 10 °C. As a result, the treated eggs of 4N and G2N showed the highest survival (90.8% and 60.6%, respectively) and embryogenesis rate (both 100% relative to surviving eggs) at 33 dpf, only when PS treatment was performed at late prometaphase (6 hpf and 6.5 hpf, respectively). The other PS groups showed extremely low survival (1.5-52.8% and 3.1-14.8%), ceased morphogenetic development and developed into only undifferentiated cell masses. This experiment was repeated 2 more times using other single-pair mating and the results showed the same tendency. The embryonic bodies were confirmed by flow cytometry to have approximately objective ploidy, tetraploid, hypo-or hyper-tetraploid in 4N and diploid or hypo diploid in G2N.However, all tetraploid embryos, even those with normal morphology, began to die 3 simultaneously around the hatching period (34 dpf), while G2N embryos showed normal morphology and survived beyond 50 dpf (55.6%). Most tetraploid embryos showed malformation and had very poor vascular systems even in normal-looking ones. These results suggest that the mortality of induced tetraploids depends not only on the side effects of the PS treatment but also strongly depends on the induced tetraploidy itself. 5

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“…Sin embargo, Benfey et al (1997) no encontraron diferencias significativas en la temperatura máxima critica comparando diploides contra triploides de la trucha de río Salvelinus fontinalis. Adicionalmente, Sadler et al (2000) no encontraron diferencias significativas en la capacidad de captación de oxígeno, así como en la respuesta hematológica de organismos triploides del salmón del Atlántico Salmo salar expuestos a estrés. Por otro lado, Gao et al (2007) observaron en el misgurno (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) que los eritrocitos triploides son más resistentes al estrés osmótico en comparación con los eritrocitos diploides.…”

Section: Capacidad Respiratoria Y Metabolismounclassified

“…Por otro lado, Gao et al (2007) observaron en el misgurno (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) que los eritrocitos triploides son más resistentes al estrés osmótico en comparación con los eritrocitos diploides. Sadler et al (2000) mencionan que los eritrocitos de los individuos triploides son más grandes a lo largo (eje longitudinal) y a lo ancho (eje transversal) comparados con los de sus homólogos diploides. Sin embargo, no tienen más altura (profundidad), lo cual hace factible que la difusión de oxígeno a través de la superficie del eritrocito no se vea afectada en las branquias y el resto de los tejidos.…”

Section: Capacidad Respiratoria Y Metabolismounclassified

Fisiologia de los peces triploides

Alcántar‐Vázquez

2016

lajar

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RESUMEN.La triploidía se ha convertido en una herramienta recomendable para la acuicultura, ya que los problemas asociados con la maduración gonadal pueden ser eliminados o bien reducidos mediante la producción de peces triploides, los cuales son funcionalmente estériles. Aunque la posibilidad de esterilizar una gran cantidad de individuos ha convertido a la triploidía en un tema relevante económicamente, los cambios fisiológicos provocados por la adición de un tercer juego de cromosomas, ofrecen la posibilidad de estudiar procesos básicos en peces con diferente nivel de ploidía. A nivel fisiológico, la triploidía está estrechamente relacionada con el incremento del tamaño celular y sus repercusiones en varios procesos metabólicos y bioquímicos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las principales consecuencias fisiológicas reportadas para peces marinos y dulceacuícolas, resultado de la inducción a la triploidía. Comprender estas consecuencias es de vital importancia para maximizar el desempeño de los peces triploides durante el cultivo. Palabras clave: triploidía, esterilidad, tamaño celular, crecimiento, eritrocito, desarrollo gonadal. Physiology of triploid fishABSTRACT. Triploidy has become a recommended tool for aquaculture since problems associated with gonadal maturation can be eliminated or reduced by producing triploid fish, which are functionally sterile. Although the possibility of sterilizing a large number of individuals has helped for triploidy to become an important issue economically, the physiological changes caused by the addition of a third set of chromosomes provides the opportunity to study basic processes in fish with a higher ploidy status. At physiological level the consequences of triploidy are closely related to the increase of cell size and its subsequent impact on various metabolic and biochemical processes. The aim of this work is to describe the main physiological consequences reported for marine and freshwater fishes resulting from the induction of triploidy. Understanding these consequences is of vital importance to maximize the performance of triploid fish under culture.

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Blood oxygen transport, rheology and haematological responses to confinement stress in diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Cited by 67 publications

References 48 publications

Physiological responses of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fed different levels of vitamin C and submitted to air exposure

Physiological responses of matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) fed different levels of vitamin C and submitted to air exposure

Drastic mortality in tetraploid induction results from the elevation of ploidy in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou

Fisiologia de los peces triploides

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