Blood pressure 24-hour pattern in two industrialized countries (Italy and Japan) with a different culture in salt intake

Cugini, P; Kawasaki, Terukazu; Palma, L. Di; Leone, Giuseppe; Battisti, Paola; Coppola, Alessandro; Ciamei, Angela; Luca, Antonietta De; Sasaki, Haruka; Uezono, Keiko

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(93)90219-3

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Despite a relatively large amount of dietary salt consumed in Japan, it has been reported that the Japanese people may have developed an ethnically unique resistance to salt excess. 24 Supposing that the molecular variant of ␣-adducin exerts its genetic effect on BP with relation to salt sensitivity, it is of interest to further characterize the polymorphism with clinical variables for salt sensitivity in the Japanese, although appropriate evaluation of salt sensitivity generally requires invasive procedures such as acute salt loading and depletion protocol. 25 To reduce the risk of uncertain ascertainment of hypertensive subjects and control subjects, we set the selection criteria as clearly as possible on the basis of averaged BP readings before the initiation of antihypertensive drugs for the hypertensive subjects.…”

Section: Selected Abbreviations and Acronymsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association Between the α-Adducin Locus and Essential Hypertension in the Japanese Population

Kato¹,

Sugiyama²,

Nabika³

et al. 1998

Hypertension

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Abstract-Significant linkage and association of ␣-adducin, a cytoskeleton protein involved in transmembrane ion transport, with essential hypertension were recently shown in Caucasian populations, especially in relation to salt sensitivity. The present study investigated the relevance of this candidate gene to hypertension in a well-characterized Japanese population. A total number of 507 individuals were selected from clinic outpatients. Hypertensive subjects were defined on the basis of the individual's blood pressure readings before starting medications; the criteria included systolic blood pressure Ն160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure Ն95 mm Hg. Patients with diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and secondary forms of hypertension had been excluded. Control subjects had blood pressure values Ͻ130/85 mm Hg. The allele frequency of a genetic variant at amino acid residue 460 of ␣-adducin (460Trp) was compared between cases and control subjects with 2 statistics; in addition, the association was tested with blood pressure as a continuous variable. No significant association was found in either of the statistics tested. The 460Trp variant appeared to be relatively common in the Japanese (54% to 60%) compared with a reported prevalence of 13% to 23% in Caucasians. The present study brought up an important issue concerning the pathophysiological role of ␣-adducin in non-Caucasian populations, given the likely ethnic variation in the nature of genetic susceptibility loci. The 460Trp variant of the ␣-adducin gene is unlikely to have a major effect on susceptibility to hypertension in the Japanese population studied, although the present study does not exclude the involvement of ␣-adducin in the pathogenesis of hypertension. (Hypertension. 1998;31:730-733.) Key Words: hypertension, essential Ⅲ case-control studies Ⅲ sodium, dietary Ⅲ ␣-adducin Ⅲ Japanese Ⅲ genetics E ssential hypertension is considered to be a multifactorial disease involving genetic and environmental factors. Both factors may interact with each other, leading to the chronic manifestation of elevated BP. If the biochemical and physiological mechanisms that regulate BP are considered, a number of candidate genes present themselves. In addition, human homologues of genes predisposing to hypertension in animal models, particularly inbred hypertensive rats, may also confer susceptibility to hypertension in human beings. Although a number of potential candidate genes have been investigated in hypertension in human beings, few studies seem to have shown conclusive claims about their identification. This may reflect difficulties in the replication of supportive findings under complex circumstances modulating hypertension; for example, the heterogeneous nature of genetic susceptibility and gene-environment interactions. Among the candidate genes tested for EH, the ␣-adducin gene has been implicated as susceptible to hypertension, especially in relation to salt sensitivity, first in rats 1,2 and then in human beings. 3,4 Adducin is a membrane skeleton prot...

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Section: Selected Abbreviations and Acronymsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association Between the α-Adducin Locus and Essential Hypertension in the Japanese Population

Kato¹,

Sugiyama²,

Nabika³

et al. 1998

Hypertension

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“…Observational studies of populations with different dietary habits may be difficult to interpret because of the problem of relating any observed differences of BP to any specific dietary component, as opposed to a number of other cultural and dietary factors. Salt intake has received the most attention: One observational study compared the 24 h BP pattern in a population of Italians, who have a salt intake of 120-140mEq/day, and Japanese, with an intake of 240-28 mEq/ day, and found no differences in BP (Cugini et al 1993). Interventional studies have given mixed results: One showed no effect of salt restriction on 24 h BP in hospitalized patients (Richards el al.…”

Section: Nutrition a N D Blood Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Evaluating the Relationships Between Lifestyle, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk

Pickering

Schwartz

James

1995

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. Ambulatory monitoring provides a unique opportunity for studying the temporal relationships between lifestyle factors and blood pressure (BP). These include physical activity, mental activity, environmental stressors, substances ingested for pleasure such as smoking, alcohol and caffeine, and nutrition. 2. Changes in physical activity play a major role in determining the diurnal profile of BP, whereas the influence of mood is small. 3. Environmental stress, in the form of job strain, has been shown to be associated with a sustained increase of BP throughout the day and night in men, and also with an increased left ventricular mass. The effects are most marked in men who drink alcohol regularly. Job strain does not appear to influence BP in women. 4. Although it is recognized that smoking raises BP acutely, its long-term effects have been unclear. Ambulatory monitoring shows that smokers have a larger diurnal swing of BP than non-smokers, because of a higher daytime pressure. Alcohol also increases the diurnal swing of BP. 5. Ambulatory monitoring has been used relatively little for evaluating nutritional factors, but has the possibility of quantifying their effects on BP more reliably than traditional methods, and also elucidating the underlying mechanisms.

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“…The collected ABPMs gave origin to several papers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: The Scientific Aspects Of This Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already mentioned I had a very huge collection of ABPMs gathered not only in true normotensives [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and true prehypertensives [20][21][22][23][24][25][26], but also in true essential hypertensives [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Blood Pressure Reference Limits For Diagnosing Monitoring Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Tensive Target Organ Damage/Monitoring Prehypertension Syndrome”, Alias Cugini’s Syndrome, as Narrated by the Author

Cugini¹

2012

J Siena Acad Sci

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This is the tale in first person of how I discovered the “Tensive target organ damage/Monitoring prehypertension syndrome”, which received an acknowledgement of paternity with the nosographic eponym of “Cugini’s syndrome”. The presentation is made with the intention of showing how the research methodology and clinical reasoning can act as an epistemological guide, primarily in detecting and, secondarily in defining such a syndromic picture. I will narrate, in an anecdotal way, the history of this syndrome that has origin in 1980 when I received the invitation to approach, as Visiting Professor, the Chronobiology Laboratories of Minnesota University, directly from their legendary Chief, Prof. Franz Halberg, the Founder of the discipline “Chronobiology”. As an invited participant to an international project of research named: “International Womb-to-Tomb Chronome Initiative”, devoted to standardize the time-qualified reference limits of blood pressure from neonatal to old age, I could use the first available equipments (Pressurometers) for executing the Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. Accordingly, I started to collect the ABPM of a large sample size of clinically healthy subjects. Collection continued going back and forth between Italy and USA. In this activity of recruitment for creating a database of true normotensives and true hypertensives, I had the chance to meet some office normotensives who inexplicably showed initial signs of hypertensive retinopathy, a sign of “Target Organ Damage” (TOD), while, unexpectedly, were showing no supranormal BP values at the ABPM. In order to explain the retinal TOD, I suspected that they were true non-hypertensives but not true normotensives (presumably normotensives alias putative normotensives). Therefore, I compared the Daily Mean Level of their 24-h systolic (S) and diastolic (D) BP values [DML(SBP/DBP)] with the analogous estimate of the true normotensives. With surprise I could see that the retinopathic putative normotensives, despite the lack of surpranormal at the ABPM, had their DML(SBP/DBP) significantly increased, just in between true normotension and true hypertension. It was the year 1997, when I called this intermediate BP regimen: “ABPM-diagnosable prehypertension”, alias “monitoring prehypertension”, alias “pressurometric prehypertension”, alias “masked prehypertension”, and described the “Minimal-change hypertensive retinopathy/monitoring prehypertension syn- drome”. The association of a minimal tensive TOD with a monitoring prehypertension in office normotensives received a confirmatory certainty in other consecutive investigations, performed by me from 1997 to 2002, dealing with minimal signs respectively of: 1. interventricular septum hypertrophy in native hearts, 2. interventricular septum hypertrophy in novel transplanted hearts, 3. gest...

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Blood pressure 24-hour pattern in two industrialized countries (Italy and Japan) with a different culture in salt intake

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Lack of Association Between the α-Adducin Locus and Essential Hypertension in the Japanese Population

Lack of Association Between the α-Adducin Locus and Essential Hypertension in the Japanese Population

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for Evaluating the Relationships Between Lifestyle, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk

“Tensive Target Organ Damage/Monitoring Prehypertension Syndrome”, Alias Cugini’s Syndrome, as Narrated by the Author

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