Blood pressure and blood lipid levels among vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, and non-vegetarian native Africans

Famodu, Ademola Adekunle; Osilesi, Odutola; Makinde, Y.; Osonuga, O.A

doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(98)00067-8

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The categories that we have used to distinguish different types of diet in our study is internationally recognized [2, 8, 17, 18] and have also proven to be categories that have markedly different risks of common diseases such as diabetes and hypertension in cohort [1, 2, 66] and observational studies in UK [37] but it is possible that the more-refined categories may provide better comparability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the frequency of consumption, vegetarian status [8, 17, 18] was categorized by defining vegans as subjects who reported never consuming animal products (chicken or meat, fish, eggs, milk or curd); lacto-vegetarian as those who reported consuming fruits, vegetables, pulses or beans, milk or curd, either daily, weekly or occasionally but no fish, eggs or chicken or meat; lacto-ovo vegetarian as those who reported consuming fruits, vegetables, pulses or beans, milk or curd, and or eggs either daily, weekly or occasionally but no fish or chicken or meat; pesco-vegetarian: who reported consuming fruits, vegetables, pulses or beans, milk or curd, and or eggs or fish either daily, weekly or occasionally but no chicken or meat; semi-vegetarian: who reported consuming fruits, vegetables, pulses or beans, animal products (chicken or meat, eggs, milk or curd) either daily, weekly or occasionally but no fish; non-vegetarian: who reported consuming fruits, vegetables, pulses or beans, animal products (chicken or meat, fish, eggs, milk or curd) either daily, weekly or occasionally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Type of vegetarian diet, obesity and diabetes in adult Indian population

Agrawal

Millett

Dhillon

et al. 2014

Nutr J

110

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BackgroundTo investigate the prevalence of obesity and diabetes among adult men and women in India consuming different types of vegetarian diets compared with those consuming non-vegetarian diets.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data of 156,317 adults aged 20–49 years who participated in India’s third National Family Health Survey (2005–06). Association between types of vegetarian diet (vegan, lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian and non-vegetarian) and self-reported diabetes status and measured body mass index (BMI) were estimated using multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, gender, education, household wealth, rural/urban residence, religion, caste, smoking, alcohol use, and television watching.ResultsMean BMI was lowest in pesco-vegetarians (20.3 kg/m2) and vegans (20.5 kg/m2) and highest in lacto-ovo vegetarian (21.0 kg/m2) and lacto-vegetarian (21.2 kg/m2) diets. Prevalence of diabetes varied from 0.9% (95% CI: 0.8-1.1) in person consuming lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo vegetarian (95% CI:0.6-1.3) and semi-vegetarian (95% CI:0.7-1.1) diets and was highest in those persons consuming a pesco-vegetarian diet (1.4%; 95% CI:1.0-2.0). Consumption of a lacto- (OR:0.67;95% CI:0.58-0.76;p < 0.01), lacto-ovo (OR:0.70; 95% CI:0.51-0.96;p = 0.03) and semi-vegetarian (OR:0.77; 95% CI:0.60-0.98; p = 0.03) diet was associated with a lower likelihood of diabetes than a non-vegetarian diet in the adjusted analyses.ConclusionsIn this large, nationally representative sample of Indian adults, lacto-, lacto-ovo and semi-vegetarian diets were associated with a lower likelihood of diabetes. These findings may assist in the development of interventions to address the growing burden of overweight/obesity and diabetes in Indian population. However, prospective studies with better measures of dietary intake and clinical measures of diabetes are needed to clarify this relationship.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type of vegetarian diet, obesity and diabetes in adult Indian population

Agrawal

Millett

Dhillon

et al. 2014

Nutr J

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From these data, Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Surface Area (BSA), Body Fat Mass Index (BFMI), Fat Free Mass Index (FFMI),), Lean Body Mass (LBM), Body Fat Mass (BFM), Total Body Water (TBW), Intracellular Fluid (IF) and Extracellular Fluid (EF), were calculated [28-30,35]. Blood pressure was measured two times on the left arm in each subject in a supine position with a traditional sphygmomanometer (Cacosson Products, England) [31]. Each measurement was spaced twenty minutes apart and was usually performed before collection of blood samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma lipid profiles and risk of cardiovascular disease in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta, Nigeria

et al. 2005

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In order to investigate the effects of lead exposure on risk of cardiovascular disease during occupational exposure to this metal, plasma cholesterol and its fractions as high-density liporotein (HDL), low-density liporotein (LDL) and triglyceride were determined in various artisans in Abeokuta, Nigeria who have been shown to be occupationally exposed to lead and these were related to blood lead levels. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease was observed in the artisans. Total cholesterol in the artisans was between 1.5 and 2.0 times higher in the artisans than that present in controls while LDL cholesterol was between 1.6 and 2.4 times higher in the artisans when compared with control subjects [p < 0.001]. HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not affected [p > 0.05]. A significant positive correlation was observed between blood lead and total cholesterol on one hand [r = 0.372; p = 3.0 × 10 -5 ] and blood lead and LDL cholesterol on the other hand [r = 0.283; p = 0.001]. LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was also higher in the artisans when compared with control. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and other anthropometric parameters were not significantly different between the artisans and the control subjects [p > 0.05]. Results suggest that lead exposure increases cholesterol synthesis and transport to peripheral tissues whereas reverse cholesterol transport to the liver is not affected.

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“…Studies by Melby et al have suggested that African-American vegetarians exhibit a more favourable serum lipid profile and also lower BP values than non-vegetarians (20,21) . Studies conducted in Nigeria among native African Seventh-day Adventists demonstrated that the vegetarian diet in this setting also is associated with lower levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), TAG and perhaps BP (22,23) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2

Fraser

Katuli

Anousheh

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective To compare cardiovascular risk factors between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in black individuals living in the USA. Design A cross-sectional analysis of a sub-set of 592 black women and men enrolled in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort of Seventh-day Adventists. Setting Members of the AHS-2 cohort, who lived in all states of the USA and provinces of Canada. Subjects Black/African-American members of two sub-studies of AHS-2 where blood and physiological measurements were obtained. Results Of these women and men, 25% were either vegan or lacto-ovo-vegetarians (labelled ‘vegetarian/vegans’), 13 % were pesco-vegetarian and 62% were non-vegetarian. Compared with non-vegetarians, the vegetarian/vegans had odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes, high blood total cholesterol and high blood LDL-cholesterol of 0·56 (95% CI 0·36, 0·87), 0·48 (95% CI 0·24, 0·98), 0·42 (95% CI 0·27, 0·65) and 0·54 (95% CI 0·33, 0·89), respectively, when adjusted for age, gender, education, physical activity and sub-study. Corresponding odds ratios for obesity in vegetarian/vegans and pesco-vegetarians, compared with non-vegetarians, were 0·43 (95% CI 0·28, 0·67) and 0·47 (95% CI 0·27, 0·81), respectively; and for abdominal obesity 0·54 (95% CI 0·36, 0·82) and 0·50 (95% CI 0·29, 0·84), respectively. Results for pesco-vegetarians did not differ significantly from those of non-vegetarians for other variables. Further adjustment for BMI suggested that BMI acts as an intermediary variable between diet and both hypertension and diabetes. Conclusions As with non-blacks, these results suggest that there are sizeable advantages to a vegetarian diet in black individuals also, although a cross-sectional analysis cannot conclusively establish cause.

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Blood pressure and blood lipid levels among vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, and non-vegetarian native Africans

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Type of vegetarian diet, obesity and diabetes in adult Indian population

Type of vegetarian diet, obesity and diabetes in adult Indian population

Plasma lipid profiles and risk of cardiovascular disease in occupational lead exposure in Abeokuta, Nigeria

Vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2

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