Blood pressure and body mass index in lean rural and semi-urban subjects in West Africa

Kerry, Sally; Micah, Frank B.; Plange‐Rhule, Jacob; Eastwood, J. B.; Cappuccio, Francesco P.

doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000177536.53409.1a

Cited by 19 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Even so, the present correlation values were higher than those for age (0.05), BMI (0.088) and WC (0.061) reported by Onwubere et al [31] in another Nigerian traditional community of a different ethnicity with a prevalence of hypertension of 46.4% compared with 33.1% found in this study. This weak or lack of a relationship between body dimensions and BP has also been observed in other groups particularly within Africa [7,9,[29][30][31][36][37][38]. It should be noted that nearly two-thirds of individuals with elevated BP had a BMI of less than 25 kg/m 2 , thereby indicating that the dominant body type associated with hypertension in this group was lean.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Moreover, many individuals with elevated blood pressure (BP) are neither overweight nor obese. In some groups, the dominant body type associated with hypertension is lean [7][8][9]. These observations could raise the intriguing possibility that mechanism(s) beyond excess weight may be more important in driving an increase in BP, at least in some groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood pressure and body size preference in traditional communities of Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

Etebu

Oyejola

2015

Cardiovascular Endocrinology

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Background Our previous work showed that many individuals with type 2 diabetes and in the background population may prefer larger body sizes. This prompted us to study the interaction between body size, body size perception and blood pressure.Methods Anthropometric variables, body size perception and blood pressure were measured in adults of three Nigerian communities. The results were subjected to tests of correlation and regression to determine any association/ functional relationship between predictor variables and blood pressure.Results Participants with elevated blood pressure were older (52.75 vs. 39.58 years) and had a higher BMI (24.50 vs. 22.84), waist circumference (86.69 vs. 81.57) and hip circumference (95.23 vs. 92.49) compared with normotensives. There were significant (P < 0.05) correlations between systolic blood pressure and age (0.401), weight (0.13), BMI (0.182), waist circumference (0.231), hip circumference (0.132), height (0.15), current body size perception (0.181), preferred body size (0.119) and preferred body size of the opposite gender (0.14). For normotensives, a 1 cm increment in waist circumference was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure by 0.35 mmHg in those younger than 50 years of age. In older participants, an increase in BMI by 1 kg/m 2 led to an increase in systolic blood pressure by 1.1 mmHg. Thirty-two per cent of the participants had hypertension. Less than 10% of the interindividual differences in blood pressure resulted from variations in body dimensions/or body size perception. Significantly, 66.5 versus 51.9% of hypertensive and normotensive individuals, respectively, desired a larger body size for self/spouse. ConclusionThe results indicated a dominant preference for larger body sizes, whereas body dimension predicted blood pressure only to a very limited degree. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 4:53-59

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure and body size preference in traditional communities of Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

Etebu

Oyejola

2015

Cardiovascular Endocrinology

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“…This is also well below US and European rates (Wolf-Maier et al 2003). Few data on blood pressure on population-based, non-clinical samples of older adults are available for Africa, although average blood pressure rates reported here are similar to those reported for younger samples in Tanzania (Unwin et al 2006) and Ghana (Kerry et al 2005). The prevalence of hypertension is lower in this sample compared to those reported in the samples above.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Health and Health Perceptions Among Kenyan Grandparents

Ice

Zidron

Juma

2008

J Cross Cult Gerontol

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The dramatic increase in the aging population in developed countries has led to an explosion of research on health and aging in the United States. Few studies, however, have been conducted in developing countries, even though many of these populations are experiencing a faster rate of growth in the 65+ population. Thus, although our knowledge of health and aging has increased, our knowledge of the variation in health as people age is limited. While the numbers of older adults is increasing in Africa, very little is known about the health and well-being of African elders. Recently, a growing number of researchers have focused on the plight of elders who find themselves caring for orphaned grandchildren. While several anecdotal reports have suggested that this new burden negatively impacts their health, there are few studies that systematically examine the health of African elders. As part of the Kenyan Grandparents Study, the health of 287 grandparents (age 73 +/- 8) was examined using multiple methods including objective measures, clinical history, physical examination, and a modified version of the SF-36. Although all health variables were correlated with each other, different patterns were found between predictor variables and the various measures of health. Caregiving status was only associated with mental health, with caregivers having better mental health than non-caregivers. Age was associated with poorer health as measured by several SF-36 scales, physical exam, and body mass index (BMI). Women generally had a greater number of health complaints and lower quality of life as measured by the SF-36. Higher socioeconomic status was associated with better health as measured by physical exam, clinical history, SF-36, and BMI. Caring for a greater number of orphans was associated with better health on examination but no other measure of health. More social support was associated with better physical function and general health as measured by the SF-36. These data suggest that there is no strong evidence that caregiving results in poor health.

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“…Kaufman et al (1997) showed there is a threshold effect at 21 kg/m 2 in women but not for men among the low-BMI populations in Africa and the The CPU time summarizes the average time (in seconds) used in computing the confidence interval for one data set Caribbean. In a study of lean rural and semi-urban in West Africa, Kerry et al (2005) showed that BMI has a nonlinear effect on diastolic BP with a significant "knot" point at BMI equal to 18 kg/m 2 for younger women. All these studies have focused on mean regression.…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite change point estimation for bent line quantile regression

2015

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The bent line quantile regression describes the situation where the conditional quantile function of the response is piecewise linear but still continuous in covariates. In some applications, the change points at which the quantile functions are bent tend to be the same across quantile levels or for quantile levels lying in a certain region. To capture such commonality, we propose a composite estimation procedure to estimate model parameters and the common change point by combining information across quantiles. We establish the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator, and demonstrate the efficiency gain of the composite change point estimator over that obtained at a single quantile level through numerical studies. In addition, three different inference procedures are proposed and compared for hypothesis testing and the construction of confidence intervals. The finite sample performance of the proposed procedures is assessed through a simulation study and the analysis of a real data.

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Blood pressure and body mass index in lean rural and semi-urban subjects in West Africa

Abstract: The relationship between BP and BMI is not linear, and is possibly sigmoid, but this may vary between subgroups.

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Blood pressure and body size preference in traditional communities of Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

Blood pressure and body size preference in traditional communities of Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

Health and Health Perceptions Among Kenyan Grandparents

Composite change point estimation for bent line quantile regression

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