Blood Pressure Changes Following Aerobic Exercise in Caucasian and Chinese Descendants

Abstract

Acute aerobic exercise produces post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Chinese populations have lower prevalence of cardiovascular disease compared to Caucasians. PEH may be associated cardiovascular disease through its influence on hypertension. The purpose of this study was to compare PEH between Caucasian and Chinese subjects following acute aerobic exercise. 62 (30 Caucasian and 32 Chinese, 50% male) subjects underwent measurement of peripheral and central hemodynamics as well as arterial and cardiac evaluations, 30 min and 60 min after 45 min of treadmill exercise. Caucasians exhibited significantly higher baseline BP than the Chinese. While the reduction in brachial artery systolic BP was greater in Caucasian than in the Chinese, there was no difference in changes in carotid systolic BP between the groups. The increase in cardiac output and heart rate was greater in the Chinese than Caucasians, but total peripheral resistance and leg pulse wave velocity decreased by a similar magnitude in the Chinese and Caucasian subjects. We conclude that acute aerobic exercise produces a greater magnitude of PEH in peripheral systolic BP in Caucasian compared to Chinese subjects. The different magnitude in PEH was caused by the greater increase in cardiac output mediated by heart rate, with no change in stroke volume. It is possible that initial BP differences between races influenced the findings.

Acute Effects of Exercise Mode on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflection in Healthy Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The study designs were variable and included 17 cross-over studies (Kingwell et al, 1997 ; Heffernan et al, 2007c , d ; Barnes et al, 2010 ; Collier et al, 2010 ; Yoon et al, 2010 ; Figueroa and Vicil, 2011 ; Ranadive et al, 2012 ; Ribeiro et al, 2014 ; Hanssen et al, 2015 ; Lefferts et al, 2015 ; Siasos et al, 2016a , b ; Thiebaud et al, 2016 ; Kobayashi et al, 2017 ; Yan et al, 2017 ; Tai et al, 2018 ), 24 pre-post interventions (Heffernan et al, 2006 , 2007a , b ; Lydakis et al, 2008 ; Munir et al, 2008 ; Peres et al, 2010 ; Boutcher et al, 2011 ; Doonan et al, 2011 , 2013 ; Hull et al, 2011 ; Hu et al, 2013 ; Lane et al, 2013 ; Gkaliagkousi et al, 2014 ; Yan et al, 2014 ; Burr et al, 2015 ; Chandrakumar et al, 2015 ; Mak and Lai, 2015 ; Milatz et al, 2015 ; Sugawara et al, 2015 ; Sun et al, 2015 ; Kingsley et al, 2016 ; Melo et al, 2016 ; Moore et al, 2016 ; Perdomo et al, 2016 ) and four randomized, controlled trials utilizing a pharmaceutical/placebo design (Sharman et al, 2008 ; Fahs et al, 2009 ; Campbell et al, 2011 ; Lin et al, 2016 ). Thirty-four studies assessed the effects of aerobic exercise (Table 2 ) and 13 examined the effects of resistance exercise (Table 3 ); two of these studies (Heffernan et al, 2007d ; Collier et al, 2010 ) compared the effects of aerobic vs. resistance exercise.…”

“…The main reasons for poor scoring were: (a) lack of randomization of participants to interventions (26 studies, 57.8%) largely due to study design (i.e., pre-post intervention studies with only one intervention; (b) lack of control group (37 studies, 82.2%); and (c) no reporting of dropout/participation rates (24 studies, 53.3%). All but five studies (Kingwell et al, 1997 ; Munir et al, 2008 ; Figueroa and Vicil, 2011 ; Sun et al, 2015 ; Siasos et al, 2016a ) discussed limitations and sources of potential bias. Risk of bias assessment via the Cochrane Collaboration's tool indicated that most information was from studies exhibiting overall low or unclear risk of bias (Supplementary Table 1 ).…”

“…Different assessment techniques, including automated devices, applanation tonometry/calculation, and direct/subtraction methods, have been utilized with variable findings after aerobic exercise. Further, several studies (Lydakis et al, 2008 ; Munir et al, 2008 ; Peres et al, 2010 ; Hull et al, 2011 ; Ranadive et al, 2012 ; Hu et al, 2013 ; Gkaliagkousi et al, 2014 ; Burr et al, 2015 ; Sun et al, 2015 ; Melo et al, 2016 ; Kingsley et al, 2017 ; Yan et al, 2017 ; Tai et al, 2018 ) failed to report separate cf-PWV values for female and male participants with the known inherent sex differences in cf-PWV at rest and following exercise (Doonan et al, 2013 ) potentially impeding valid comparisons between studies.…”

Comparing cerebrovascular reactivity measured using BOLD and cerebral blood flow MRI: The effect of basal vascular tension on vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive reactivity

“…As shown by Carrera et al, a ΔPETCO 2 of 8 mm Hg could induce a MAP increase of up to 10%, whether for hypercapnia or hypocapnia. A similar degree of MAP reduction can result from less than 30 min of physical exercise (Pescatello et al, 1991;Sun et al, 2014).…”

Efeitos do exercício sobre o proteoma e estrutura de cardiomiocitos de ratos hipertensos e obesos

“…Assim o exercício aumentaria a disponibilidade do Ca 2+ oriundo do retículo sarcoplasmático ou mesmo em função do aumento da descarga adrenergica em decorrencia do aumento da frequencia cardíaca. Sabe-se que a HA provoca uma redução na expressão do receptor ββ-adrenérgico (ββAR) e, consequentemente a redução na capacidade de resposta inotrópica miocárdica em resposta ao estresse simpático compensado pela calcineurina que modifica a atividade da proteína quinase A (PKA) revertendo o inotropismo cardíaco (MacDonnell et al, 2007;Libonati, 2013;Sun et al, 2014). Estes achados parecem suportar os recentes indicativos do papel do Ca 2+ , como segundo mensageiro, para a regulação das tarefas mitocondriais representando um elo crucial para o metabolismo mitocondrial bem como o mecanismo acoplamento-excitação-contração no coração (Dedkova & Blatter, 2013).…”